PDF(Pubmed)
Abstract：
Airborne transmission is a main spread mode of respiratory infectious diseases, whose frequent epidemic has brought serious social burden. Identifying possible routes of the airborne transmission and predicting the potential infection risk are meaningful for infectious disease control. In the present study, an internal spread route between horizontal adjacent flats induced by air infiltration was investigated. On-site measurements were conducted, and tracer gas technique was employed. Two measurement scenarios, closed window mode and open window mode, were compared. Using the calculated air change rate and mass fraction, the cross-infection risk was estimated using the Wells-Riley model. It found that tracer gas concentrations in receptor rooms are one order lower than the source room, and the infection risks are also one order lower. Opening windows results in larger air change rate on the one hand, but higher mass fraction on the other hand. Higher mass fraction not necessarily results in higher infection risk as the pathogen concentration in the source room is reduced by the higher air change rate. In the present study, opening windows could significantly reduce the infection risk of the index room but slightly reduce the risks in receptor rooms. The mass fraction of air originated from the index room to the receptor units could be 0.28 and the relative cross-infection risk through the internal transmission route could be 9%, which are higher than the external spread through single-sided window flush. The study implicates that the horizontal transmission route induced by air infiltration should not be underestimated.
摘要：
空气传播是呼吸道传染病的主要传播方式,其频繁的流行带来了严重的社会负担。确定空气传播的可能途径并预测潜在的感染风险对于传染病的控制具有重要意义。在本研究中,研究了由空气渗透引起的水平相邻公寓之间的内部传播路线。进行了现场测量,采用示踪气体技术。两种测量场景，关闭窗口模式和打开窗口模式，进行了比较。使用计算的空气变化率和质量分数，使用Wells-Riley模型估计交叉感染风险.发现受体室中的示踪气体浓度比源室低一个数量级，感染风险也低了一个数量级。打开窗户一方面会导致更大的空气变化率，但另一方面更高的质量分数。较高的质量分数不一定会导致较高的感染风险，因为较高的空气变化率会降低源室内的病原体浓度。在本研究中,打开窗户可以显着降低索引室的感染风险，但可以稍微降低受体室的风险。从索引室到受体单位的空气的质量分数可以是0.28，通过内部传播途径的相对交叉感染风险可以是9%，高于通过单面窗户冲洗的外部传播。研究表明，不应低估空气渗透引起的水平传播途径。
