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Abstract：
Species, through their structure and composition, have evolved to respond to environmental constraints. Predator-prey interactions are among environmental pressures that can lead to speciation, but it remains unclear how this pressure can be related to the material structure and performance. Recently, two land snails, Karaftohelix editha and Karaftohelix gainesi, were found to exhibit divergent phenotypes and responses to predation despite sharing the same habitat and most of their genome. Indeed, under attack from a beetle, K. editha snails retract into their shell whereas K. gainesi snails swing their shell. In this paper, we looked at the microstructure, composition, morphology and mechanics of the shells of those two species and discuss potential relationships between material structure and the snail defence behaviour. The results of this study provide additional arguments for the role of predator-prey interactions on speciation, as well as an unusual approach for the design of biomimetic structures adapted to a particular function.
摘要：
物种,通过它们的结构和组成，已经进化为应对环境限制。捕食者-猎物的相互作用是可能导致物种形成的环境压力之一，但目前尚不清楚这种压力如何与材料结构和性能相关。最近,两只陆地蜗牛,卡拉夫托螺旋埃迪萨和卡拉夫托螺旋盖内西，尽管共享相同的栖息地和大部分基因组，但发现它们表现出不同的表型和对捕食的反应。的确,在甲虫的攻击下,K.editha蜗牛缩回壳中，而K.gainesi蜗牛摆动壳。在本文中,我们看了微观结构，composition,这两个物种的壳的形态和力学，并讨论了材料结构与蜗牛防御行为之间的潜在关系。这项研究的结果为捕食者-猎物相互作用对物种形成的作用提供了更多的论据，以及适应特定功能的仿生结构设计的不寻常方法。
