关键词: Mice Nano carrier Nasal delivery Rats Sheep Tramadol
Mesh : Administration, Intranasal / methods Administration, Oral Analgesics / administration & dosage metabolism Analgesics, Opioid / administration & dosage metabolism Animals Biological Availability Brain / drug effects metabolism Chromatography, Liquid / methods Cross-Over Studies Drug Carriers / chemistry Drug Delivery Systems / methods Female Male Mice Mice, Inbred C57BL Nanoparticles / chemistry Nasal Mucosa / metabolism Olfactory Mucosa / drug effects metabolism Pain / drug therapy Particle Size Pharmaceutical Preparations / administration & dosage chemistry metabolism Phospholipids / chemistry Rats Rats, Sprague-Dawley Sheep Tandem Mass Spectrometry / methods Tramadol / administration & dosage metabolism Viscosity / drug effects
来 源:
DOI:10.1016/j.ijpharm.2020.119243
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