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Abstract：
Increased levels of endocannabinoids, 2-arachidonoylglycerol (2-AG) and arachidonoyl ethanolamide (AEA) have a pathophysiological role in the setting of cardiometabolic diseases. This systematic review was carried out to appraise the effect of omega-3 on cardiometabolic risk factors by highlighting the mediating effect of endocannabinoids. SCOPUS, PubMed, Embase, Google Scholar and ProQuest databases were searched until January 2020. All published English-language animal studies and clinical trials that evaluated the effects of omega-3 on cardiometabolic diseases with a focus on endocannabinoids were included. Of 1407 studies, 16 animal studies and three clinical trials were included for analysis. Eleven animal studies and two human studies showed a marked reduction in 2-AG and AEA levels following intake of omega-3 which correlated with decreased adiposity, weight gain and improved glucose homeostasis. Moreover, endocannabinoids were elevated in three studies that replaced omega-3 with omega-6. Omega-3 showed anti-inflammatory properties due to reduced levels of inflammatory cytokines, regulation of T-cells function and increased levels of eicosapentaenoyl ethanolamide, docosahexaenoyl ethanolamide and oxylipins; however, a limited number of studies examined a correlation between inflammatory cytokines and endocannabinoids following omega-3 administration. In conclusion, omega-3 modulates endocannabinoid tone, which subsequently attenuates inflammation and cardiometabolic risk factors. However, further randomized clinical trials are needed before any recommendations are made to target the ECS using omega-3 as an alternative therapy to drugs for cardiometabolic disease improvement.
摘要：
内源性大麻素水平升高，2-花生四酰基甘油（2-AG）和花生四酰基乙醇酰胺（AEA）在心脏代谢疾病的背景下具有病理生理作用。通过强调内源性大麻素的中介作用，进行了这项系统评价，以评估omega-3对心脏代谢危险因素的影响。Scopus,PubMed,Embase,搜索GoogleScholar和ProQuest数据库直到2020年1月。包括所有已发表的英语动物研究和临床试验，这些研究和临床试验评估了omega-3对心脏代谢疾病的影响，重点是内源性大麻素。在1407项研究中，包括16个动物研究和3个临床试验用于分析。11项动物研究和2项人体研究显示，摄入ω-3后2-AG和AEA水平显着降低，这与肥胖减少有关。体重增加和改善葡萄糖稳态。此外，在3项用omega-6替代omega-3的研究中，内源性大麻素升高。Omega-3由于炎性细胞因子水平降低而具有抗炎特性，T细胞功能的调节和二十碳五烯酰乙醇酰胺的水平增加，二十二碳六烯酰乙醇酰胺和氧脂素；然而，有限数量的研究检查了omega-3给药后炎性细胞因子和内源性大麻素之间的相关性.总之,omega-3调节内源性大麻素音调，随后减弱炎症和心脏代谢危险因素。然而,在建议将使用omega-3的ECS作为改善心脏代谢疾病药物的替代疗法之前,还需要进一步的随机临床试验.
