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Abstract：
OBJECTIVE: The objective of this study was to investigate the development of consonant inventory and accuracy in pediatric cochlear implant (CI) recipients and compare their performance to typical hearing (TH) children.
METHODS: One hundred and twenty nine children with CIs, implanted between 6-38 months of age, and 30 age-matched children with TH participated in this study. Spontaneous speech samples were collected at 3.5 and 4.5 years chronological age and the first 100 different words spoken by each participant were transcribed. Two consonant production measures were subsequently calculated to assess consonant acquisition and mastery. The percentage of Consonants Correct (CC) was used for measuring accuracy and Consonant Diversity (CD), an inventory measure, was used to identify the number of different consonants spoken by each participant. Repeated measures analyses of variance were conducted to examine the differences in consonant production scores based on presence of CI (participants with CI versus typical hearing (TH) participants), and chronological age at data collection (3.5 years versus 4.5 years).
RESULTS: CI recipients displayed lower consonant production scores compared to TH children. Children with the most device experience (32-38 months at 3.5 years) performed on par with their TH peers.
CONCLUSIONS: The two measures used in this study together appear capable of comprehensively describing the changes in consonant production skills of children. Results from this study indicate that while most CI participants display lower scores compared to TH children, many of the CI users are able to produce speech sounds on par with TH children.
METHODS: One hundred and twenty nine children with CIs, implanted between 6-38 months of age, and 30 age-matched children with TH participated in this study. Spontaneous speech samples were collected at 3.5 and 4.5 years chronological age and the first 100 different words spoken by each participant were transcribed. Two consonant production measures were subsequently calculated to assess consonant acquisition and mastery. The percentage of Consonants Correct (CC) was used for measuring accuracy and Consonant Diversity (CD), an inventory measure, was used to identify the number of different consonants spoken by each participant. Repeated measures analyses of variance were conducted to examine the differences in consonant production scores based on presence of CI (participants with CI versus typical hearing (TH) participants), and chronological age at data collection (3.5 years versus 4.5 years).
RESULTS: CI recipients displayed lower consonant production scores compared to TH children. Children with the most device experience (32-38 months at 3.5 years) performed on par with their TH peers.
CONCLUSIONS: The two measures used in this study together appear capable of comprehensively describing the changes in consonant production skills of children. Results from this study indicate that while most CI participants display lower scores compared to TH children, many of the CI users are able to produce speech sounds on par with TH children.
摘要：
目的：这项研究的目的是调查儿童人工耳蜗（CI）受体的辅音清单和准确性的发展，并将他们的表现与典型的听力（TH）儿童进行比较。
方法：有CI的109名儿童，在6-38个月大之间植入，30名年龄匹配的TH儿童参加了这项研究。在3.5和4.5岁时收集自发语音样本，并转录每个参与者所说的前100个不同单词。随后计算了两种辅音产生措施，以评估辅音的获取和掌握。辅音正确（CC）的百分比用于测量准确性和辅音多样性（CD），一种库存措施，用于识别每个参与者所说的不同辅音的数量。进行了重复测量的方差分析，以检查基于CI（CI参与者与典型听力（TH）参与者）的辅音产生分数的差异。和数据收集时的实际年龄（3.5岁对4.5岁）。
结果：与TH儿童相比，CI接受者的辅音产生得分较低。设备经验最多的儿童（3.5岁时32-38个月）的表现与TH同龄人相当。
结论：本研究中使用的两种方法一起似乎能够全面描述儿童辅音产生技能的变化。这项研究的结果表明，尽管大多数CI参与者的得分低于TH儿童，许多CI用户能够产生与TH儿童相当的语音。
方法：有CI的109名儿童，在6-38个月大之间植入，30名年龄匹配的TH儿童参加了这项研究。在3.5和4.5岁时收集自发语音样本，并转录每个参与者所说的前100个不同单词。随后计算了两种辅音产生措施，以评估辅音的获取和掌握。辅音正确（CC）的百分比用于测量准确性和辅音多样性（CD），一种库存措施，用于识别每个参与者所说的不同辅音的数量。进行了重复测量的方差分析，以检查基于CI（CI参与者与典型听力（TH）参与者）的辅音产生分数的差异。和数据收集时的实际年龄（3.5岁对4.5岁）。
结果：与TH儿童相比，CI接受者的辅音产生得分较低。设备经验最多的儿童（3.5岁时32-38个月）的表现与TH同龄人相当。
结论：本研究中使用的两种方法一起似乎能够全面描述儿童辅音产生技能的变化。这项研究的结果表明，尽管大多数CI参与者的得分低于TH儿童，许多CI用户能够产生与TH儿童相当的语音。
