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Abstract：
OBJECTIVE: Various methods for cardiothoracic, cardiovascular, and cardiac surgical training exist across the globe, with the common goal of producing safe, independent surgeons. A comparative analysis of international training paradigms has not been undertaken, and our goal in doing so was to offer insights into how to best prepare future trainees and ensure the health of our specialty.
METHODS: We performed a comparative analysis of available publications offering detailed descriptions of various cardiothoracic, cardiovascular, and cardiac surgical training paradigms. Corresponding authors from previous publications and other international collaborators were also reached directly for further data acquisition.
RESULTS: We report various approaches to common challenges surrounding (1) selection of trainees and plans for the future surgical workforce; (2) trainee assessments and certification of competency before independent practice; and (3) challenges related to a changing practice landscape.
CONCLUSIONS: Cardiothoracic surgery remains a dynamic and rewarding specialty. Current and future trainees face several challenges that transcend national borders. To foster collaboration and adoption of best practices, we highlight international strengths and weaknesses of various nations in terms of workforce selection, trainee operative experience and assessment, board certification, and preparation for future changes anticipated in cardiothoracic surgery.
METHODS: We performed a comparative analysis of available publications offering detailed descriptions of various cardiothoracic, cardiovascular, and cardiac surgical training paradigms. Corresponding authors from previous publications and other international collaborators were also reached directly for further data acquisition.
RESULTS: We report various approaches to common challenges surrounding (1) selection of trainees and plans for the future surgical workforce; (2) trainee assessments and certification of competency before independent practice; and (3) challenges related to a changing practice landscape.
CONCLUSIONS: Cardiothoracic surgery remains a dynamic and rewarding specialty. Current and future trainees face several challenges that transcend national borders. To foster collaboration and adoption of best practices, we highlight international strengths and weaknesses of various nations in terms of workforce selection, trainee operative experience and assessment, board certification, and preparation for future changes anticipated in cardiothoracic surgery.
摘要：
目的：心胸的各种方法，心血管,心脏外科训练遍布全球，以安全生产为共同目标，独立的外科医生。尚未对国际培训模式进行比较分析，我们这样做的目标是提供有关如何最好地准备未来学员并确保我们专业健康的见解。
方法：我们对现有出版物进行了比较分析，提供了各种心胸，心血管,和心脏外科训练范例。还直接联系了以前出版物的相应作者和其他国际合作者，以进行进一步的数据采集。
结果：我们报告了各种常见挑战的方法：（1）选择受训者和未来外科劳动力的计划；（2）独立实践前的受训者评估和能力认证；（3）与不断变化的实践环境有关的挑战。
结论：心胸外科仍然是一个充满活力和有益的专业。当前和未来的学员面临着一些超越国界的挑战。为了促进合作和采用最佳实践，我们强调了各国在劳动力选择方面的国际优势和劣势，见习手术经验和评估，董事会认证，并为心胸外科未来的变化做准备。
方法：我们对现有出版物进行了比较分析，提供了各种心胸，心血管,和心脏外科训练范例。还直接联系了以前出版物的相应作者和其他国际合作者，以进行进一步的数据采集。
结果：我们报告了各种常见挑战的方法：（1）选择受训者和未来外科劳动力的计划；（2）独立实践前的受训者评估和能力认证；（3）与不断变化的实践环境有关的挑战。
结论：心胸外科仍然是一个充满活力和有益的专业。当前和未来的学员面临着一些超越国界的挑战。为了促进合作和采用最佳实践，我们强调了各国在劳动力选择方面的国际优势和劣势，见习手术经验和评估，董事会认证，并为心胸外科未来的变化做准备。
