Abstract：
Lanthipeptides are intriguing peptides known since 1928, the year of penicillin\'s discovery. At that time, they were known as lantibiotics due to their (methyl)lanthionine amino acids and antibacterial activity. Their body of knowledge expanded tremendously over the last few years. Our analysis reveals that Bacteroidetes has a high state of clusters encoding the biosynthesis of class I lanthipeptides. We show that some strains of Pedobacter have a number of LanBs/genome comparable to that of some Actinobacteria. The case study selected was Pedobacter lusitanus NL19. Its clusters identified encode LanBs associated with LanCs as well as orphan LanBs. The first are concomitant with LanT transporters typical of class II lanthipeptides (and not class I), making their clusters into a hybrid class I and class II type. So far, this kind of operon was described only once and is involved in the production of pinensins, the first lanthipeptide with antifungal activity. A particular feature of pinensins is their splitted LanBs and we found that these enzymes are also widely encoded in Bacteroides. The function of a high percentage of proteins predicted to play a role in the production of Pedobacter lanthipeptides is unknown. Other major fraction of these proteins is expected to be enrolled in signal-transduction pathways. We demonstrate that the occurrence of lanthipeptides clusters in the genomes of Gram-negative bacteria is higher than previously reported. More importantly, we show that their genetic background is highly diverse, which is an undeniable foreshadowing of novel peptide structures, biochemistry and biological function.
摘要：
兰肽是自1928年青霉素发现以来已知的有趣的肽。当时,由于它们的（甲基）羊毛硫氨酸氨基酸和抗菌活性，它们被称为羊毛硫抗生素。在过去的几年中，他们的知识体系得到了极大的扩展。我们的分析表明，拟杆菌具有高度的簇状态，编码I类羊毛肽的生物合成。我们表明，某些Pedobacter菌株具有与某些放线菌相当的多个LanBs/基因组。所选择的病例研究是LusitanusNL19。识别出的簇编码与LanC以及孤儿LanB相关的LanB。第一个是伴随有LanT转运蛋白典型的II类羊毛肽（而不是I类），使它们的簇变成混合的I类和II类类型。到目前为止,这种操纵子只被描述过一次，并且参与了pinensins的生产，第一种具有抗真菌活性的羊毛硫肽。芬ensins的一个特殊特征是它们分裂的LanBs，我们发现这些酶也广泛编码在拟杆菌中。预测高百分比的蛋白质在Pedobacter的生产中发挥作用的功能是未知的。这些蛋白质的其他主要部分预计将被纳入信号转导途径。我们证明革兰氏阴性菌基因组中羊毛肽簇的发生率高于先前报道的。更重要的是,我们表明他们的遗传背景是高度多样化的，这是一个不可否认的新的肽结构的预示，生物化学和生物学功能。
