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Abstract：
The presence of parasites, including Anisakis spp. larvae in fishery products jeopardizes their safety and quality, which is a matter of concern and a challenge for official authorities, as well as for food businesses operators, and a potential health risk to consumers. In the last ten years, a total of 2367 samples from different seafood products, whole fish (n = 1022), fish steaks (n = 417), fish fillets (n = 46), roes (n = 11), canned fish fillets (n = 35), fish fingers (n = 705), and ready-made Japanese dishes (n = 131) were analysed at the Laboratory of Pathology of Aquatic Animals of IPMA. From the fishery products analysed, a total of 4643 visible Anisakis larvae were collected from eighteen different species of whole fish and there were two cases with numerous larvae, although live larvae were only found in fresh fish. Anisakis larvae (n = 523) were collected from fish steaks, (n = 20) from frozen fish fillets, (n = 7) from five different brands of fish fingers, (n = 2) from two cans of cod fillets and numerous viable larvae were collected from the serosae of European hake fresh roes. The great majority of the larvae were identified as L3 Anisakis larvae. Plerocercoids of Gymnorhynchus gigas and Hepatoxylon trichiuri and the myxosporean, Kudoa spp. were also observed and led to the withdrawal of the fish from the supply chain. No Anisakis larvae were collected from the farmed fish as well as from the ready-made Japanese dishes. However, Kudoa hexapunctata spores were observed in the tuna muscle from one sashimi meal. The data shows that fresh fish with live Anisakis larvae have been marketed. Educational strategies concerning parasites were implemented with workshops, \"Parasites in Fishery Products\" to train and instruct professionals within the fish supply chain and training activities for target groups, including children, were promoted, to raise awareness of this issue. One of the most relevant outcomes obtained was the improvement of implementation of parasite identification techniques in the industry, including private labs, and consequently: (1) decrease in the parasitological analysis number of common parasites and (2) reduction in the analysis of anatomical structures confused with parasites requested to IPMA\'s Laboratory of Pathology. In addition, the practice of freezing trash fish used to feed farmed fish, and the placement of nets at the water entry points of the earth ponds, in order to avoid wild fish introduction, were simple and important measures that were implemented to prevent Anisakis and other parasites entering fish farms. The two complementary parts of this work, laboratorial activities used to support the fish supply chain, and the educational strategies concerning parasites, have made an essential contribution towards the availability of data for assessing and minimizing the level of risk associated with fish consumption, and have particularly increased and improved awareness, regarding foodborne parasites.
摘要：
寄生虫的存在，包括Anisakisspp.渔产品中的幼虫危害其安全和质量，这是官方当局关注和挑战的问题，以及食品企业经营者，以及对消费者的潜在健康风险。在过去的十年里，共有2367个来自不同海鲜产品的样本，整条鱼（n=1022），鱼牛排（n=417），鱼片（n=46），Roes(n=11),鱼片罐头(n=35)，鱼手指（n=705），在IPMA的水生动物病理学实验室分析了现成的日本料理（n=131）。从分析的渔业产品来看，从18种不同的全鱼中收集到4643只可见的异语幼虫，其中有2例幼虫数量众多，虽然活幼虫只在鲜鱼中发现。异语幼虫（n=523）是从鱼牛排中收集的，（n=20）来自冷冻鱼片，（n=7）来自五种不同品牌的鱼手指，（n=2）从两罐鳕鱼鱼片和许多活的幼虫中收集了欧洲无须鱼新鲜鱼卵的浆液。绝大多数幼虫被鉴定为L3异语幼虫。Gymnorhynchusgigas和Hepatoxylontrichiuri和黏液孢子虫，Kudoaspp.也被观察到，并导致鱼从供应链中撤出。没有从养殖的鱼以及现成的日本料理中收集异语幼虫。然而,从一份生鱼片中观察到金枪鱼肌肉中的Kudoahexapunctata孢子。数据显示,具有活的异语幼虫的鲜鱼已经上市。通过讲习班实施了有关寄生虫的教育策略，“渔业产品中的寄生虫”培训和指导鱼类供应链中的专业人员以及目标群体的培训活动，包括孩子,被提升,提高对这个问题的认识。获得的最相关的结果之一是行业中寄生虫识别技术的实施得到了改进，包括私人实验室,因此：（1）减少常见寄生虫的寄生虫学分析数量，（2）减少IPMA病理学实验室要求的与寄生虫混淆的解剖结构的分析。此外,用于喂养养殖鱼类的冷冻垃圾鱼的做法，以及在土池的入水口处放置网，为了避免引入野生鱼类，采取了简单而重要的措施，以防止Anisakis和其他寄生虫进入养鱼场。这项工作的两个互补部分，用于支持鱼类供应链的实验室活动，以及有关寄生虫的教育策略，为评估和最小化与鱼类消费相关的风险水平的数据的可用性做出了重要贡献，特别增加和提高了意识，关于食源性寄生虫。
