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Abstract：
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are secreted by almost all cells. They contain proteins, lipids, and nucleic acids which are delivered from the parent cells to the recipient cells. Thereby, they function as mediators of intercellular communication and molecular transfer. Recent evidences suggest that exosomes, a small subset of EVs, are involved in numerous physiological and pathological processes and play essential roles in remodeling the tumor immune microenvironment even before the occurrence and metastasis of cancer. Exosomes derived from tumor cells and host cells mediate their mutual regulation locally or remotely, thereby determining the responsiveness of cancer therapies. As such, tumor-derived circulating exosomes are considered as noninvasive biomarkers for early detection and diagnosis of tumor. Exosome-based therapies are also emerging as cutting-edge and promising strategies that could be applied to suppress tumor progression or enhance anti-tumor immunity. Herein, the current understanding of exosomes and their key roles in modulating immune responses, as well as their potential therapeutic applications are outlined. The limitations of current studies are also presented and directions for future research are described.
摘要：
细胞外囊泡(EV)由几乎所有细胞分泌。它们含有蛋白质，脂质，和从亲本细胞递送到受体细胞的核酸。因此，它们充当细胞间通讯和分子转移的介质。最近的证据表明外泌体，一小部分电动汽车，参与许多生理和病理过程，甚至在癌症发生和转移之前，在重塑肿瘤免疫微环境中起着至关重要的作用。来源于肿瘤细胞和宿主细胞的外泌体在局部或远程介导它们的相互调节，从而确定癌症治疗的反应性。因此，肿瘤来源的循环外泌体被认为是肿瘤早期检测和诊断的非侵入性生物标志物.基于外泌体的疗法也正在成为可以应用于抑制肿瘤进展或增强抗肿瘤免疫力的尖端和有前途的策略。在这里，目前对外泌体及其在调节免疫反应中的关键作用的理解，以及其潜在的治疗应用概述。还介绍了当前研究的局限性，并描述了未来研究的方向。
