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Abstract：
Haemorrhagic smolt syndrome (HSS) is a disorder of unknown aetiology causing losses in the fresh water phase of Atlantic salmon farming. Normally, the mortality is limited and symptoms disappear upon seawater exposure. In this case study, classical HSS pathology with internal organ haemorrhages and nephrocalcinosis was diagnosed, and the losses were substantial. Microarray analyses of head kidney revealed association between HSS and enhanced expression of stress genes and proteins reducing bioavailability of iron, heme, and retinol. In parallel, suppression of multiple metabolic pathways was observed. Up-regulation of genes encoding acute phase proteins, complement, and lectins indicated mild inflammation but without characteristic features of viral or bacterial infections. Microarray analyses highlighted several members of tumor necrosis factor receptor superfamily that may control development of B-cell immunity. Examination of IgM at the mRNA and protein levels showed the impact of HSS on vaccine responses. In fish without HSS symptoms (non-HSS), titres of vaccine specific antibodies to A-layer of Aeromonas salmonicida subsp. salmonicida and Moritella viscosa and antibodies binding to DNP-keyhole limpet hemocyanin (DNP-KLH), which are presumably polyreactive, were respectively four- and 14-fold higher than in HSS-diseased fish. Parallel sequencing of variable regions of immunoglobulin Mrevealed a larger size of most abundant clonotypes shared by multiple individuals in the non-HSS group. The results of the current case study indicated that, in addition to direct damage, HSS suppresses humoral immune responses including the production of specific and polyreactive antibodies.
摘要：
出血性促渗综合征（HSS）是一种病因不明的疾病，在大西洋鲑鱼养殖的淡水阶段造成损失。通常,死亡率有限，海水暴露后症状消失。在这个案例研究中,诊断出具有内脏器官出血和肾钙化的经典HSS病理学，损失是巨大的。头肾的微阵列分析揭示了HSS与应激基因表达增强和降低铁生物利用度的蛋白质之间的关联。血红素,还有视黄醇.并行,观察到多种代谢途径的抑制。编码急性期蛋白的基因上调，补语,和凝集素表明轻度炎症，但没有病毒或细菌感染的特征性特征。微阵列分析强调了可能控制B细胞免疫发展的肿瘤坏死因子受体超家族的几个成员。在mRNA和蛋白质水平的IgM检查显示HSS对疫苗应答的影响。在没有HSS症状（非HSS）的鱼类中，针对沙门氏菌气单胞菌亚种A层的疫苗特异性抗体的滴度。沙门氏菌和粘菌以及与DNP-匙孔血蓝蛋白（DNP-KLH）结合的抗体，它们可能是多反应性的，分别比HSS患病的鱼类高4倍和14倍。免疫球蛋白M的可变区的平行测序揭示了非HSS组中多个个体共有的最丰富的克隆型的更大尺寸。当前案例研究的结果表明，除了直接损害,HSS抑制体液免疫应答,包括特异性和多反应性抗体的产生。
