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Abstract：
The application of Water Safety Plans (WSPs) in China varies throughout the country. Although pilot WSP projects in China were initiated shortly after WSP was introduced by the World Health Organization (WHO) in 2004, they have yet to be used for water supply facilities at a large scale. To better understand the evolution of WSP application in China, a systematic review was conducted to identify all published WSP related studies in China. Eighteen studies, which included 311 water systems, were included in the final analysis. Risk matrix, water supply risk factors, and other data were extracted and analyzed. Text mining methods were also used to better understand risks that can be addressed by WSPs (both potential and actual risks). This study revealed a number of noteworthy differences between and among urban and rural water systems in China. The primary risks associated with most urban water supply systems tended to be related to mechanical failure/s in the water treatment process. Rural water supply systems appear to suffer from similar problems, but insufficient overall management capacity was more prevalent in rural systems. Overall, the evidence suggests that, to date, the use of WSPs in China has been primarily limited to pilot studies, and full implementation of WSPs in China appears to still be in the early stages. The paper closes with a summary of the key obstacles identified as well as a discussion of policies and technical options which could increase the use of WSPs in both urban and rural China. Among other recommendations, the data indicate that there is strong need for the development and implementation of a simplified WSP approach designed specifically for small rural systems in China.
摘要：
水安全计划（WSP）在中国的应用在全国各地各不相同。尽管中国的WSP试点项目是在2004年世界卫生组织(世卫组织)引入WSP后不久启动的，但它们尚未大规模用于供水设施。为了更好地了解WSP在中国的应用演变，我们进行了系统评价,以确定中国所有已发表的WSP相关研究.18项研究,其中包括311个供水系统，包括在最终分析中。风险矩阵,供水风险因素，和其他数据进行了提取和分析。文本挖掘方法也被用来更好地理解可以由WSP解决的风险（潜在和实际风险）。这项研究揭示了中国城乡供水系统之间的许多值得注意的差异。与大多数城市供水系统相关的主要风险往往与水处理过程中的机械故障有关。农村供水系统似乎也有类似的问题,但整体管理能力不足在农村系统中更为普遍。总的来说,证据表明,到目前为止,WSP在中国的使用主要限于试点研究，在中国全面实施WSP似乎仍处于初期阶段。本文最后总结了已确定的主要障碍，并讨论了可能在中国城市和农村增加WSP使用的政策和技术选择。除其他建议外，数据表明，迫切需要开发和实施专门为中国小型农村系统设计的简化的WSP方法。
