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Abstract：
The global bio-diversity of fungi has been extensively investigated and their species number has been estimated. Notably, the development of molecular phylogeny has revealed an unexpected fungal diversity and utilisation of culture-independent approaches including high-throughput amplicon sequencing has dramatically increased number of fungal operational taxonomic units. A number of novel taxa including new divisions, classes, orders and new families have been established in last decade. Many cryptic species were identified by molecular phylogeny. Based on recently generated data from culture-dependent and -independent survey on same samples, the fungal species on the earth were estimated to be 12 (11.7-13.2) million compared to 2.2-3.8 million species recently estimated by a variety of the estimation techniques. Moreover, it has been speculated that the current use of high-throughput sequencing techniques would reveal an even higher diversity than our current estimation. Recently, the formal classification of environmental sequences and permission of DNA sequence data as fungal names\' type were proposed but strongly objected by the mycologist community. Surveys on fungi in unusual niches have indicated that many previously regarded \"unculturable fungi\" could be cultured on certain substrates under specific conditions. Moreover, the high-throughput amplicon sequencing, shotgun metagenomics and a single-cell genomics could be a powerful means to detect novel taxa. Here, we propose to separate the fungal types into physical type based on specimen, genome DNA (gDNA) type based on complete genome sequence of culturable and uncluturable fungal specimen and digital type based on environmental DNA sequence data. The physical and gDNA type should have priority, while the digital type can be temporal supplementary before the physical type and gDNA type being available. The fungal name based on the \"digital type\" could be assigned as the \"clade\" name + species name. The \"clade\" name could be the name of genus, family or order, etc. which the sequence of digital type affiliates to. Facilitating future cultivation efforts should be encouraged. Also, with the advancement in knowledge of fungi inhabiting various environments mostly because of rapid development of new detection technologies, more information should be expected for fungal diversity on our planet.
摘要：
已经对真菌的全球生物多样性进行了广泛的研究，并估计了其物种数量。值得注意的是,分子系统发育的发展揭示了意想不到的真菌多样性，利用培养无关的方法，包括高通量扩增子测序，大大增加了真菌操作分类单位的数量。许多新颖的分类单元，包括新的部门，类,在过去的十年里，订单和新的家庭已经建立起来。通过分子系统发育鉴定了许多隐蔽物种。根据最近对同一样本进行的依赖于文化和独立调查的数据，地球上的真菌物种估计为12（11.7-13.2）百万，而最近通过各种估计技术估计为2.2-3.8百万。此外，据推测,目前使用的高通量测序技术将显示出比我们目前估计更高的多样性.最近,提出了环境序列的正式分类和DNA序列数据作为真菌名称类型的许可，但遭到真菌学界的强烈反对。对不寻常生态位真菌的调查表明，许多以前被认为是“不可培养的真菌”可以在特定条件下在某些底物上培养。此外，高通量扩增子测序，鸟枪宏基因组学和单细胞基因组学可能是检测新分类群的有力手段。这里,我们建议根据标本将真菌类型分为物理类型，基因组DNA（gDNA）类型基于可培养和不可聚集真菌标本的完整基因组序列，数字类型基于环境DNA序列数据。物理和gDNA类型应该优先，而数字类型可以是在物理类型和gDNA类型可用之前的时间补充。基于“数字类型”的真菌名称可以分配为“进化枝”名称+物种名称。“进化枝”的名字可能是属的名字，家庭或秩序，等。数字类型的序列隶属于哪个。应鼓励促进今后的种植工作。此外，随着生活在各种环境中的真菌知识的进步，主要是因为新检测技术的快速发展，我们的星球上真菌多样性应该会有更多的信息。
