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Abstract：
Selenium (Se) is an important trace mineral having many essential roles at the cellular and organismal levels in animal and human health. The biological effects of Se are mainly carried out by selenoproteins (encoded by 25 genes in humans and 24 in mice). As an essential component of selenoproteins, Se performs structural and enzymic roles; in the latter context it is well known for its catalytic and antioxidative functions. Studies involving different animal models have added great value to our understanding regarding the potential implications of Se and selenoproteins in mammalian fertility and reproduction. In this review, we highlight the implications of selenoproteins in male fertility and reproduction followed by the characteristic biological functions of Se and selenoproteins associated with overall male reproductive function. It is evident from observations of past studies (both animal and human) that Se is essentially required for spermatogenesis and male fertility, presumably because of its vital role in modulation of antioxidant defense mechanisms and other essential biological pathways and redox sensitive transcription factors. However, bearing in mind the evidences from mainstream literature, it is also advisable to perform more studies focusing on the elucidation of additional roles played by the peculiar and canonical selenoproteins i.e., glutathione peroxidase 4 (GPX4) and selenoprotein P (SELENOP) in the male reproductive functions. Nevertheless, search for the elucidation of additional putative mechanisms potentially modulated by other biologically relevant selenoproteins should also be included in the scope of future studies. However, as for the implication of Se in fertility and reproduction in men, though a few clinical trials explore the effects of Se supplementation on male fertility, due to inconsistencies in the recruitment of subjects and heterogeneity of designs, the comparison of such studies is still complicated and less clear. Therefore, further research focused on the roles of Se and selenoproteins is awaited for validating the evidences at hand and outlining any therapeutic schemes intended for improving male fertility. As such, new dimensions could be added to the subject of male fertility and Se supplementation.
摘要：
硒（Se）是一种重要的痕量矿物质，在动物和人类健康中在细胞和生物体水平上具有许多重要作用。硒的生物学效应主要由硒蛋白（在人类中由25个基因编码，在小鼠中由24个基因编码）进行。作为硒蛋白的重要组成部分，Se发挥结构和酶作用；在后一种情况下，它以其催化和抗氧化功能而闻名。涉及不同动物模型的研究为我们对硒和硒蛋白在哺乳动物生育和繁殖中的潜在影响的理解增加了巨大价值。在这次审查中,我们强调了硒蛋白在男性生育力和生殖中的意义，以及硒和硒蛋白与整体男性生殖功能相关的特征性生物学功能。从过去的研究（动物和人类）的观察中可以明显看出，硒是精子发生和男性生育能力所必需的。推测是由于其在调节抗氧化防御机制和其他必需的生物学途径以及氧化还原敏感转录因子中的重要作用。然而,铭记主流文学的证据，还建议进行更多的研究，重点是阐明特殊和规范的硒蛋白所扮演的其他角色，即，谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶4(GPX4)和硒蛋白P(SELENOP)在男性生殖中的作用。然而，寻找阐明可能由其他生物学相关硒蛋白调节的其他推定机制也应包括在未来的研究范围内.然而,至于硒对男性生育力和生殖的影响，尽管有一些临床试验探讨了硒补充剂对男性生育能力的影响，由于受试者招募的不一致和设计的异质性，这些研究的比较仍然很复杂，不太清楚。因此,我们期待进一步研究硒和硒蛋白的作用，以验证现有证据，并概述旨在提高男性生育力的任何治疗方案。因此，可以为男性生育力和硒补充主题增加新的维度。
