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Abstract：
The bacteria residing in the gut environment do play a pivotal role in metabolic activities of the host. The metabolites produced by these bacteria affect the physiology and health of the host. The gut bacteria are exposed to environmental conditions where multiple factors such as lifestyle, stress, antibiotics, host genetics and infections have an influence on them. In case of pathogenesis of a disease, the gut bacterial composition is altered which leads to a diseased state. This stage is due to colonization of bacterial pathogens in the gut environment. The pathological condition can be alleviated by administering probiotic strains into the gut environment. The probiotic strains produce therapeutic molecules such as amino acids, vitamins, bacteriocins, enzymes, immunomodulatory compounds and short-chain fatty acids. This review discusses recent evidences of the impact of bioactive molecules produced by probiotic bacteria and their mechanism of action in the gut environment to maintain homeostasis and health of the host without any effect on beneficial bacteria sharing the same niche. In addition, the manufacturing challenges of probiotic products for various applications are discussed here.
摘要：
存在于肠道环境中的细菌在宿主的代谢活动中起关键作用。这些细菌产生的代谢物影响宿主的生理和健康。肠道细菌暴露于多种因素的环境条件，如生活方式，压力，抗生素,宿主遗传学和感染对它们有影响。在疾病的发病机理的情况下，肠道细菌组成改变，导致疾病状态。这个阶段是由于细菌病原体在肠道环境中的定植。可以通过将益生菌菌株施用到肠道环境中来减轻病理状况。益生菌菌株产生治疗性分子，如氨基酸，维生素,细菌素,酶，免疫调节化合物和短链脂肪酸。这篇综述讨论了益生菌产生的生物活性分子的影响及其在肠道环境中的作用机制的最新证据，以维持宿主的稳态和健康，而对共享相同生态位的有益细菌没有任何影响。此外,这里讨论了益生菌产品在各种应用中的制造挑战。
