PDF(Pubmed)
Abstract：
Of the 3,500 species of mosquitoes worldwide, only a small portion carry and transmit the mosquito-borne diseases (MBDs) that cause approximately half a million deaths annually worldwide. The most common exotic MBDs, such as malaria and dengue, are not currently established in Canada, in part because of our relatively harsh climate; however, this situation could evolve with climate change. Mosquitoes native to Canada may become infected with new pathogens and move into new regions within Canada. In addition, new mosquito species may move into Canada from other countries, and these exotic species may bring exotic MBDs as well. With high levels of international travel, including to locations with exotic MBDs, there will be more travel-acquired cases of MBDs. With climate change, there is the potential for exotic mosquito populations to become established in Canada. There is already a small area of Canada where exotic Aedes mosquitoes have become established although, to date, there is no evidence that these carry any exotic (or already endemic) MBDs. The increased risks of spreading MBDs, or introducing exotic MBDs, will need a careful clinical and public health response. Clinicians will need to maintain a high level of awareness of current trends, to promote mosquito bite prevention strategies, and to know the laboratory tests needed for early detection and when to report laboratory results to public health. Public health efforts will need to focus on ongoing active surveillance, public and professional awareness and mosquito control. Canadians need to be aware of the risks of acquiring exotic MBDs while travelling abroad as well as the risk that they could serve as a potential route of introduction for exotic MBDs into Canada when they return home.
摘要：
在全世界3500种蚊子中,只有一小部分携带和传播蚊子传播的疾病（MBD），每年导致全球约50万人死亡。最常见的异国情调的MBD，比如疟疾和登革热，目前在加拿大尚未成立，部分原因是我们的气候相对恶劣；然而，这种情况可能会随着气候变化而演变。原产于加拿大的蚊子可能会感染新的病原体，并进入加拿大境内的新地区。此外,新的蚊子可能会从其他国家进入加拿大，这些外来物种也可能带来外来MBD。由于国际旅行水平很高，包括有异国情调的MBD的地方，将会有更多的旅行获得的MBD病例。随着气候变化,加拿大有可能建立外来蚊子种群。尽管加拿大已经有一小部分地区建立了异国情调的伊蚊，到目前为止,没有证据表明这些携带任何外来的（或已经流行的）MBD。MBD传播的风险增加，或者引入异国情调的MBD，将需要谨慎的临床和公共卫生应对措施。临床医生需要对当前趋势保持高度的认识，推广预防蚊虫叮咬策略，并了解早期检测所需的实验室测试以及何时向公共卫生报告实验室结果。公共卫生工作需要侧重于持续的积极监测，公众和专业意识和蚊子控制。加拿大人需要意识到在国外旅行时获得异国情调的MBD的风险，以及当他们回国时，他们可能会成为将异国情调的MBD引入加拿大的潜在途径。
