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Abstract：
In this article, we problematize the concept of \"culture\" in genetic counseling. With globalization and increased mobility of both genetic professionals and clients, there is an increased acknowledgement of the impact of \"culture\" on a counseling process. There is, however, little agreement on what \"culture\" is. The essentialist understanding that has long been dominant in the medical literature views culture as a set of shared beliefs, attitudes and practices among a group of people. Such an approach does not account for the individual differences and the dynamic nature of genetic counseling encounters. Following Zayts and Schnurr (2017), we use the distinction between two orders of culture: culture1 that refers to the static, generalized understanding of culture that is external to the specific context, and culture2 , an analytic concept that denotes dynamic enactments of culture, emerging in the interaction. We use empirical data from genetic counseling sessions to illustrate these different facets of culture and to consider how and why speakers draw on them. The clinical implications of the study include highlighting the importance of cultural awareness among counselors, including cultural self-awareness, and demonstrating how authentic interactional data could be used to enhance cultural training in genetic counseling.
摘要：
在这篇文章中,我们在遗传咨询中质疑“文化”的概念。随着全球化和遗传专业人员和客户流动性的增加，人们越来越认识到“文化”对咨询过程的影响。有,然而,关于什么是“文化”几乎没有共识。长期以来在医学文献中占主导地位的本质主义理解将文化视为一组共同的信念，一群人的态度和做法。这种方法没有考虑遗传咨询遇到的个体差异和动态性质。继Zayts和Schnurr（2017）之后，我们使用两种文化顺序之间的区别：culture1指的是静态的，对特定语境之外的文化的广义理解，文化2，一个分析概念，表示文化的动态制定，在互动中出现。我们使用遗传咨询会议的经验数据来说明文化的这些不同方面，并考虑演讲者如何以及为什么借鉴它们。该研究的临床意义包括强调辅导员文化意识的重要性，包括文化自我意识，并展示了真实的互动数据如何用于加强遗传咨询中的文化培训。
