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Abstract：
OBJECTIVE: Diet plays a crucial role in the occurrence of stroke. But very few studies have so far been conducted with focus on this aspect of acute stroke in India. The objective of the study was to identify the dietary pattern in patients with acute stroke in South India.
METHODS: Patients with first-ever acute stroke (ischemic and hemorrhagic) admitted between June 2017 and November 2017 were enrolled and compared with age- and sex-matched controls. Information was collected using a pro forma.
RESULTS: Out of 293 acute stroke patients, 150 were enrolled and compared with 150 controls. The mean age was 52.3 ± 12.6; years 112 (74.6%) patients were male. The majority of them were on traditional diet that included a daily intake of rice (98.6%) and pulses (40.6%). Hypertension (73.3%) was the major vascular risk factor for stroke (P < 0.0001). Significant differences were observed in risk factors such as diabetes (P < 0.0001), smoking (P = 0.0001), alcohol use (P = 0.0017), and heart disease (P = 0.0002), when stroke patients were compared with controls. Stroke patients reported a lower intake of green leafy vegetables (P = 0.0001; odds ratio [OR] 0.17), roots and tubers (P = 0.0016; OR 0.21), and fruits (P = 0.0022; OR 0.29). There was at the same time a higher intake of red meat products (P = 0.04; OR 2.41), organ meats (P = 0.0093; OR 4.35), fried snacks (P = 0.0038; OR 2.01), and pickles (P = 0.04; OR 1.81) although the data suggested lesser consumption of prawn and crab (P = 0.04; OR 0.55) and water (P = 0.0001 OR 4.59) among stroke patients. Higher consumption of fruit juices (P = 0.0008) and junk foods (P = 0.03) was observed in young stroke patients (age ≤45 years) whereas the intake of chicken (P = 0.03) and alcohol (P = 0.0001) was observed to be more among men than among women.
CONCLUSIONS: Majority of stroke-afflicted patients in South India consume white rice and dal. There is lower intake of water, green leafy vegetables, and fruits and higher consumption of red meat, organ meat, and pickles among stroke patients.
METHODS: Patients with first-ever acute stroke (ischemic and hemorrhagic) admitted between June 2017 and November 2017 were enrolled and compared with age- and sex-matched controls. Information was collected using a pro forma.
RESULTS: Out of 293 acute stroke patients, 150 were enrolled and compared with 150 controls. The mean age was 52.3 ± 12.6; years 112 (74.6%) patients were male. The majority of them were on traditional diet that included a daily intake of rice (98.6%) and pulses (40.6%). Hypertension (73.3%) was the major vascular risk factor for stroke (P < 0.0001). Significant differences were observed in risk factors such as diabetes (P < 0.0001), smoking (P = 0.0001), alcohol use (P = 0.0017), and heart disease (P = 0.0002), when stroke patients were compared with controls. Stroke patients reported a lower intake of green leafy vegetables (P = 0.0001; odds ratio [OR] 0.17), roots and tubers (P = 0.0016; OR 0.21), and fruits (P = 0.0022; OR 0.29). There was at the same time a higher intake of red meat products (P = 0.04; OR 2.41), organ meats (P = 0.0093; OR 4.35), fried snacks (P = 0.0038; OR 2.01), and pickles (P = 0.04; OR 1.81) although the data suggested lesser consumption of prawn and crab (P = 0.04; OR 0.55) and water (P = 0.0001 OR 4.59) among stroke patients. Higher consumption of fruit juices (P = 0.0008) and junk foods (P = 0.03) was observed in young stroke patients (age ≤45 years) whereas the intake of chicken (P = 0.03) and alcohol (P = 0.0001) was observed to be more among men than among women.
CONCLUSIONS: Majority of stroke-afflicted patients in South India consume white rice and dal. There is lower intake of water, green leafy vegetables, and fruits and higher consumption of red meat, organ meat, and pickles among stroke patients.
摘要：
目的：饮食在中风的发生中起着至关重要的作用。但是到目前为止，很少有研究针对印度急性中风的这一方面进行。该研究的目的是确定印度南部急性中风患者的饮食模式。
方法：纳入2017年6月至2017年11月收治的首次急性卒中（缺血性和出血性）患者，并与年龄和性别匹配的对照组进行比较。信息是使用形式收集的。
结果：在293例急性中风患者中，纳入150人，并与150名对照进行比较。平均年龄为52.3±12.6；112岁（74.6％）患者为男性。他们中的大多数是传统饮食，包括每天摄入大米（98.6％）和豆类（40.6％）。高血压(73.3%)是卒中的主要血管危险因素(P<0.0001)。在糖尿病等危险因素方面观察到显著差异（P<0.0001），吸烟（P=0.0001），饮酒（P=0.0017），和心脏病（P=0.0002），当中风患者与对照组进行比较时。中风患者报告绿叶蔬菜的摄入量较低（P=0.0001；比值比[OR]0.17），根和块茎（P=0.0016；OR0.21），和水果（P=0.0022；OR0.29）。同时，红肉产品的摄入量较高（P=0.04；OR2.41），器官肉类（P=0.0093；OR4.35），油炸小吃（P=0.0038；OR2.01），和泡菜（P=0.04；OR1.81），尽管数据表明中风患者对虾和蟹（P=0.04；OR0.55）和水（P=0.0001OR4.59）的消费量较低。在年轻的中风患者（年龄≤45岁）中观察到果汁（P=0.0008）和垃圾食品（P=0.03）的摄入量较高，而观察到鸡肉（P=0.03）和酒精（P=0.0001）的摄入量男性多于女性。
结论：南印度大部分中风患者食用白米和dal。水的摄入量较低，绿叶蔬菜,和水果和更多的红肉消费，器官肉,中风患者的泡菜。
方法：纳入2017年6月至2017年11月收治的首次急性卒中（缺血性和出血性）患者，并与年龄和性别匹配的对照组进行比较。信息是使用形式收集的。
结果：在293例急性中风患者中，纳入150人，并与150名对照进行比较。平均年龄为52.3±12.6；112岁（74.6％）患者为男性。他们中的大多数是传统饮食，包括每天摄入大米（98.6％）和豆类（40.6％）。高血压(73.3%)是卒中的主要血管危险因素(P<0.0001)。在糖尿病等危险因素方面观察到显著差异（P<0.0001），吸烟（P=0.0001），饮酒（P=0.0017），和心脏病（P=0.0002），当中风患者与对照组进行比较时。中风患者报告绿叶蔬菜的摄入量较低（P=0.0001；比值比[OR]0.17），根和块茎（P=0.0016；OR0.21），和水果（P=0.0022；OR0.29）。同时，红肉产品的摄入量较高（P=0.04；OR2.41），器官肉类（P=0.0093；OR4.35），油炸小吃（P=0.0038；OR2.01），和泡菜（P=0.04；OR1.81），尽管数据表明中风患者对虾和蟹（P=0.04；OR0.55）和水（P=0.0001OR4.59）的消费量较低。在年轻的中风患者（年龄≤45岁）中观察到果汁（P=0.0008）和垃圾食品（P=0.03）的摄入量较高，而观察到鸡肉（P=0.03）和酒精（P=0.0001）的摄入量男性多于女性。
结论：南印度大部分中风患者食用白米和dal。水的摄入量较低，绿叶蔬菜,和水果和更多的红肉消费，器官肉,中风患者的泡菜。
