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Abstract：
OBJECTIVE: The undesired effects of midazolam can be life-threatening. This paper delineates the findings related to the pharmacokinetics, adverse effects and drug-drug interactions as well as associated therapeutic implications for safe midazolam use.
METHODS: A systematic review of literature was conducted.
RESULTS: The pharmacokinetics of midazolam depends on hepatic and renal functions, fat tissue mass, route and duration of administration, as well as potential drug-drug interactions. Palliative care patients constitute a high-risk group prone to side effects of drugs, due to polytherapy and multi-organ failure.
CONCLUSIONS: Midazolam is one of three most frequently administered drugs in palliative care. The indications for its use include anxiety, dyspnea, seizures, vomiting refractory to treatment, agitation, myoclonus, status epilepticus, restlessness, delirium, pruritus, hiccups, insomnia, analgosedation, palliative sedation and preventing or counteracting undesired effects of ketamine.
METHODS: A systematic review of literature was conducted.
RESULTS: The pharmacokinetics of midazolam depends on hepatic and renal functions, fat tissue mass, route and duration of administration, as well as potential drug-drug interactions. Palliative care patients constitute a high-risk group prone to side effects of drugs, due to polytherapy and multi-organ failure.
CONCLUSIONS: Midazolam is one of three most frequently administered drugs in palliative care. The indications for its use include anxiety, dyspnea, seizures, vomiting refractory to treatment, agitation, myoclonus, status epilepticus, restlessness, delirium, pruritus, hiccups, insomnia, analgosedation, palliative sedation and preventing or counteracting undesired effects of ketamine.
摘要：
目的：咪达唑仑的不良作用可能危及生命。本文描述了与药代动力学相关的发现，不良反应和药物-药物相互作用以及安全使用咪达唑仑的相关治疗意义。
方法：对文献进行系统综述。
结果：咪达唑仑的药代动力学取决于肝肾功能，脂肪组织块,给药途径和持续时间，以及潜在的药物相互作用。姑息治疗患者构成了易发生药物副作用的高危人群,由于综合疗法和多器官衰竭。
结论：咪达唑仑是姑息治疗中三种最常用的药物之一。其使用的适应症包括焦虑，呼吸困难,癫痫发作,呕吐难以治疗，激动,肌阵鸣,癫痫持续状态,躁动,谵妄,瘙痒,打嗝,失眠,镇痛,姑息镇静和预防或抵消氯胺酮的不良影响。
方法：对文献进行系统综述。
结果：咪达唑仑的药代动力学取决于肝肾功能，脂肪组织块,给药途径和持续时间，以及潜在的药物相互作用。姑息治疗患者构成了易发生药物副作用的高危人群,由于综合疗法和多器官衰竭。
结论：咪达唑仑是姑息治疗中三种最常用的药物之一。其使用的适应症包括焦虑，呼吸困难,癫痫发作,呕吐难以治疗，激动,肌阵鸣,癫痫持续状态,躁动,谵妄,瘙痒,打嗝,失眠,镇痛,姑息镇静和预防或抵消氯胺酮的不良影响。
