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Abstract：
OBJECTIVE: This 3-dimensional histologic study aimed to provide a precise description of the meningeal structures in the jugular foramen.
METHODS: 22 posterior skull base tissue blocks containing the jugular foramen region were obtained from 11 human cadaveric heads. These blocks were plastinated and cut into serial sections. After staining, these sections were examined under an optical microscope and used to reconstruct a 3-dimensional visualization model.
RESULTS: At the intracranial orifice of the jugular foramen, the meningeal dura formed 2 separate dural perforations: the glossopharyngeal meatus and the vagal meatus. The arachnoid extended into 2 dural meatuses and terminated at the inferior ganglion of the glossopharyngeal nerve in the glossopharyngeal meatus and the superior ganglion of the vagus nerve in the vagal meatus. At the intraforaminal part of the jugular foramen, the meningeal dura encased the glossopharyngeal nerve to form a dural sheath while encasing the vagus and accessory nerves to form a dural network. At the extracranial orifice of the jugular foramen, the dural wall of the jugular bulb extended downward to form a dense connective tissue sheath. The initial end of the internal jugular vein invaginated into this sheath and fused with the jugular bulb.
CONCLUSIONS: Knowledge of the anatomy of the meningeal architecture of the jugular foramen can be helpful in avoiding surgical complications of the lower cranial nerves when this complex area is approached.
METHODS: 22 posterior skull base tissue blocks containing the jugular foramen region were obtained from 11 human cadaveric heads. These blocks were plastinated and cut into serial sections. After staining, these sections were examined under an optical microscope and used to reconstruct a 3-dimensional visualization model.
RESULTS: At the intracranial orifice of the jugular foramen, the meningeal dura formed 2 separate dural perforations: the glossopharyngeal meatus and the vagal meatus. The arachnoid extended into 2 dural meatuses and terminated at the inferior ganglion of the glossopharyngeal nerve in the glossopharyngeal meatus and the superior ganglion of the vagus nerve in the vagal meatus. At the intraforaminal part of the jugular foramen, the meningeal dura encased the glossopharyngeal nerve to form a dural sheath while encasing the vagus and accessory nerves to form a dural network. At the extracranial orifice of the jugular foramen, the dural wall of the jugular bulb extended downward to form a dense connective tissue sheath. The initial end of the internal jugular vein invaginated into this sheath and fused with the jugular bulb.
CONCLUSIONS: Knowledge of the anatomy of the meningeal architecture of the jugular foramen can be helpful in avoiding surgical complications of the lower cranial nerves when this complex area is approached.
摘要：
目的：这项三维组织学研究旨在提供颈静脉孔脑膜结构的精确描述。
方法：从11个人尸体头中获得了22个包含颈静脉孔区的后颅底组织块。将这些块塑化并切成连续部分。染色后,这些切片在光学显微镜下检查,并用于重建三维可视化模型.
结果：在颈静脉孔的颅内口，脑膜硬脑膜形成2个独立的硬脑膜穿孔：舌咽道和迷走道。蛛网膜伸入2个硬脑膜，并终止于舌咽道舌咽神经的下神经节和迷走神经的上神经节。在颈静脉孔的椎间孔部分，脑膜硬脑膜包裹舌咽神经形成硬膜鞘，同时包裹迷走神经和副神经形成硬膜网络。在颈静脉孔的颅外口，颈静脉球的硬脑膜壁向下延伸，形成致密的结缔组织鞘。颈内静脉的初始端侵入该鞘并与颈静脉球融合。
结论：了解颈静脉孔的脑膜结构的解剖结构有助于在接近该复杂区域时避免下颅神经的手术并发症。
方法：从11个人尸体头中获得了22个包含颈静脉孔区的后颅底组织块。将这些块塑化并切成连续部分。染色后,这些切片在光学显微镜下检查,并用于重建三维可视化模型.
结果：在颈静脉孔的颅内口，脑膜硬脑膜形成2个独立的硬脑膜穿孔：舌咽道和迷走道。蛛网膜伸入2个硬脑膜，并终止于舌咽道舌咽神经的下神经节和迷走神经的上神经节。在颈静脉孔的椎间孔部分，脑膜硬脑膜包裹舌咽神经形成硬膜鞘，同时包裹迷走神经和副神经形成硬膜网络。在颈静脉孔的颅外口，颈静脉球的硬脑膜壁向下延伸，形成致密的结缔组织鞘。颈内静脉的初始端侵入该鞘并与颈静脉球融合。
结论：了解颈静脉孔的脑膜结构的解剖结构有助于在接近该复杂区域时避免下颅神经的手术并发症。
