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Abstract：
BACKGROUND: Open angle glaucoma is the only type of primary glaucoma reported in Beagles. This case report describes a primary angle-closure glaucoma in a Beagle and its diagnostic and prognostic relevance.
METHODS: A 12-year-old, neutered male Beagle presented to the Michigan State University (MSU) Comparative Ophthalmology Service for evaluation of suspected visual impairment. Complete ophthalmic examination of the left eye (OS) revealed: blepharospasm, absent menace response, moderate episcleral congestion, mild diffuse corneal edema, mydriasis, asteroid hyalosis, decreased myelination and cupping of the optic nerve head, and mild retinal vascular attenuation. Examinations of the right eye (OD) were within normal limits. Intraocular Pressure (IOP) were 24 mmHg OD and 49 mmHg OS. Gonioscopy OD revealed a narrow iridocorneal angle with moderate pectinate ligament dysplasia characterized by broad-based pectinate ligament strands (fibrae latae) and solid sheets (laminae) throughout all 4 quadrants. DNA testing revealed that the dog did not carry the Gly661Arg ADAMTS10 mutation responsible for primary open angle glaucoma (POAG) in Beagles. The OS was medically managed with latanoprost 0.005% and dorzolamide HCl 2% /timolol malate 0.5% ophthalmic solutions for 7 months and then enucleated due to uncontrolled IOP. Histopathologic evaluation was consistent with goniodysgenesis with a broad, non-perforate, sheet-like band of uveal stroma bridging from the base of the iris to the terminal arborization of Descemet\'s membrane. Approximately 14 months from the initial diagnosis of glaucoma OS, OD also developed glaucoma and was enucleated. Histopathologic findings were consistent with goniodysgenesis OD.
CONCLUSIONS: To our knowledge, this is the first reported case of PACG with goniodysgenesis in a Beagle supported by clinical, genetic, and histopathologic data. It highlights the importance of gonioscopy in Beagles with glaucoma. Further studies with a larger number of dogs are warranted to characterize clinical manifestations and inheritance of PACG in this breed.
METHODS: A 12-year-old, neutered male Beagle presented to the Michigan State University (MSU) Comparative Ophthalmology Service for evaluation of suspected visual impairment. Complete ophthalmic examination of the left eye (OS) revealed: blepharospasm, absent menace response, moderate episcleral congestion, mild diffuse corneal edema, mydriasis, asteroid hyalosis, decreased myelination and cupping of the optic nerve head, and mild retinal vascular attenuation. Examinations of the right eye (OD) were within normal limits. Intraocular Pressure (IOP) were 24 mmHg OD and 49 mmHg OS. Gonioscopy OD revealed a narrow iridocorneal angle with moderate pectinate ligament dysplasia characterized by broad-based pectinate ligament strands (fibrae latae) and solid sheets (laminae) throughout all 4 quadrants. DNA testing revealed that the dog did not carry the Gly661Arg ADAMTS10 mutation responsible for primary open angle glaucoma (POAG) in Beagles. The OS was medically managed with latanoprost 0.005% and dorzolamide HCl 2% /timolol malate 0.5% ophthalmic solutions for 7 months and then enucleated due to uncontrolled IOP. Histopathologic evaluation was consistent with goniodysgenesis with a broad, non-perforate, sheet-like band of uveal stroma bridging from the base of the iris to the terminal arborization of Descemet\'s membrane. Approximately 14 months from the initial diagnosis of glaucoma OS, OD also developed glaucoma and was enucleated. Histopathologic findings were consistent with goniodysgenesis OD.
CONCLUSIONS: To our knowledge, this is the first reported case of PACG with goniodysgenesis in a Beagle supported by clinical, genetic, and histopathologic data. It highlights the importance of gonioscopy in Beagles with glaucoma. Further studies with a larger number of dogs are warranted to characterize clinical manifestations and inheritance of PACG in this breed.
摘要：
背景：开角型青光眼是Beagles报道的唯一类型的原发性青光眼。该病例报告描述了Beagle的原发性闭角型青光眼及其诊断和预后的相关性。
方法：12岁，被绝育的男性Beagle被送往密歇根州立大学(MSU)眼科比较服务中心,以评估疑似视力障碍.左眼（OS）的完整眼科检查显示：眼睑痉挛，没有威胁反应，中度巩膜充血,轻度弥漫性角膜水肿，散瞳，小行星透明病,视神经乳头髓鞘形成和拔罐减少，和轻度视网膜血管衰减。右眼检查（OD）在正常范围内。眼内压（IOP）为24mmHgOD和49mmHgOS。房角镜检查OD显示狭窄的虹膜角膜角，伴有中度果胶韧带发育不良，其特征是在所有4个象限中都有宽基的果胶韧带束（纤维latae）和实心片（薄层）。DNA测试表明，这只狗没有携带Gly661ArgADAMTS10突变，该突变是比格犬原发性开角型青光眼（POAG）的原因。OS用0.005%拉坦前列素和2%盐酸多佐胺/0.5%苹果酸噻吗洛尔眼用溶液治疗7个月，然后由于不受控制的眼压而摘除。组织病理学评估与性腺发育是一致的，非穿孔,葡萄膜基质的片状带从虹膜的基部桥接到Descemet膜的末端。从青光眼OS的初始诊断大约14个月，OD也发展为青光眼并被摘除。组织病理学发现与性腺发育OD一致。
结论：据我们所知，这是在临床支持的比格犬中首次报道的PACG伴性腺发育异常的病例，遗传,和组织病理学数据。它强调了角镜检查在患有青光眼的比格犬中的重要性。有必要对更多数量的狗进行进一步研究，以表征该品种中PACG的临床表现和遗传。
方法：12岁，被绝育的男性Beagle被送往密歇根州立大学(MSU)眼科比较服务中心,以评估疑似视力障碍.左眼（OS）的完整眼科检查显示：眼睑痉挛，没有威胁反应，中度巩膜充血,轻度弥漫性角膜水肿，散瞳，小行星透明病,视神经乳头髓鞘形成和拔罐减少，和轻度视网膜血管衰减。右眼检查（OD）在正常范围内。眼内压（IOP）为24mmHgOD和49mmHgOS。房角镜检查OD显示狭窄的虹膜角膜角，伴有中度果胶韧带发育不良，其特征是在所有4个象限中都有宽基的果胶韧带束（纤维latae）和实心片（薄层）。DNA测试表明，这只狗没有携带Gly661ArgADAMTS10突变，该突变是比格犬原发性开角型青光眼（POAG）的原因。OS用0.005%拉坦前列素和2%盐酸多佐胺/0.5%苹果酸噻吗洛尔眼用溶液治疗7个月，然后由于不受控制的眼压而摘除。组织病理学评估与性腺发育是一致的，非穿孔,葡萄膜基质的片状带从虹膜的基部桥接到Descemet膜的末端。从青光眼OS的初始诊断大约14个月，OD也发展为青光眼并被摘除。组织病理学发现与性腺发育OD一致。
结论：据我们所知，这是在临床支持的比格犬中首次报道的PACG伴性腺发育异常的病例，遗传,和组织病理学数据。它强调了角镜检查在患有青光眼的比格犬中的重要性。有必要对更多数量的狗进行进一步研究，以表征该品种中PACG的临床表现和遗传。
