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Abstract：
Human brown adipose tissue (BAT) has attracted clinical interest not only because it dissipates energy but also for its potential capacity to counteract obesity and related metabolic disorders (e.g., insulin resistance and dyslipidemia). Cold exposure is the most powerful stimulus for activating and recruiting BAT, and this stimulatory effect is mediated by the transient receptor potential (TRP) channels. BAT can also be activated by other receptors such as the G-protein-coupled bile acid receptor 1 (GPBAR1) or β-adrenergic receptors. Interestingly, these receptors also interact with several dietary components; in particular, capsinoids and tea catechins appear to mimic the effects of cold through a TRP-BAT axis, and they consequently seem to decrease body fat and improve metabolic blood parameters. This systematic review critically addresses the evidence behind the available human studies analyzing the effect of several dietary components (e.g., capsinoids, tea catechins, and ephedrine) on BAT activity. Even though the results of these studies are consistent with the outcomes of preclinical models, the lack of robust study designs makes it impossible to confirm the BAT-activation capacity of the specified dietary components. Further investigation into the effects of dietary components on BAT is warranted to clarify to what extent these components could serve as a powerful strategy to treat obesity and related metabolic disorders.
摘要：
人类棕色脂肪组织（BAT）引起了临床兴趣，不仅因为它耗散能量，而且还因为其抵消肥胖和相关代谢紊乱的潜在能力（例如，胰岛素抵抗和血脂异常）。冷暴露是激活和招募BAT的最强大刺激，这种刺激作用是由瞬时受体电位（TRP）通道介导的。BAT也可以被其他受体激活,例如G-蛋白偶联的胆汁酸受体1(GPBAR1)或β-肾上腺素能受体。有趣的是,这些受体还与几种饮食成分相互作用；特别是，辣椒素和茶儿茶素似乎通过TRP-BAT轴模拟寒冷的影响，因此，它们似乎可以减少体内脂肪并改善代谢血液参数。本系统综述批判性地解决了现有人类研究背后的证据，这些研究分析了几种饮食成分的影响(例如，capsinoids,茶儿茶素，和麻黄碱）对BAT活性。尽管这些研究的结果与临床前模型的结果一致，缺乏稳健的研究设计使得无法确认指定饮食成分的BAT激活能力.有必要进一步研究饮食成分对BAT的影响，以澄清这些成分在多大程度上可以作为治疗肥胖和相关代谢紊乱的有力策略。
