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Abstract：
Invasive aspergillosis is the most common invasive fungal infection in patients with acute hematological malignancies or treated with hematopoietic stem cell transplantation due to the marked alteration of the physiological mechanisms of antifungal immunity that takes place in these situations. For this reason, antifungal prophylaxis has a relevant role in these patients. The introduction of new antifungal agents has motivated the updating of recommendations for prophylaxis and treatment in different guidelines. The objectives of this chapter are a brief review of the mechanisms of immunity against fungi, the definition of risk for developing an invasive fungal infection and an update of the prophylaxis recommendations and treatment of invasive aspergillosis in the group of patients with hematological diseases.
摘要：
侵袭性曲霉病是患有急性血液系统恶性肿瘤或接受造血干细胞移植治疗的患者中最常见的侵袭性真菌感染，这是由于在这些情况下发生的抗真菌免疫生理机制的显着改变。出于这个原因,抗真菌预防在这些患者中具有相关作用。新抗真菌药物的引入促使了不同指南中预防和治疗建议的更新。本章的目的是简要回顾对真菌的免疫机制，侵袭性真菌感染风险的定义以及血液病患者组侵袭性曲霉病的预防建议和治疗的更新.
