Abstract：
Essential genes have attracted increasing attention in recent years due to the important functions of these genes in organisms. Among the methods used to identify the essential genes, accurate and efficient computational methods can make up for the deficiencies of expensive and time-consuming experimental technologies. In this review, we have collected researches on essential gene predictions in prokaryotes and eukaryotes and summarized the five predominant types of features used in these studies. The five types of features include evolutionary conservation, domain information, network topology, sequence component and expression level. We have described how to implement the useful forms of these features and evaluated their performance based on the data of Escherichia coli MG1655, Bacillus subtilis 168 and human. The prerequisite and applicable range of these features is described. In addition, we have investigated the techniques used to weight features in various models. To facilitate researchers in the field, two available online tools, which are accessible for free and can be directly used to predict gene essentiality in prokaryotes and humans, were referred. This article provides a simple guide for the identification of essential genes in prokaryotes and eukaryotes.
摘要：
近年来，由于必需基因在生物体中的重要功能，这些基因引起了越来越多的关注。在用于鉴定必需基因的方法中，精确和高效的计算方法可以弥补昂贵和耗时的实验技术的不足。在这次审查中,我们收集了原核生物和真核生物中必需基因预测的研究，并总结了这些研究中使用的五种主要特征类型。五种类型的特征包括进化保守，域信息,网络拓扑,序列组分和表达水平。我们已经描述了如何实现这些特征的有用形式，并根据大肠杆菌MG1655，枯草芽孢杆菌168和人的数据评估了它们的性能。描述了这些功能的先决条件和适用范围。此外,我们研究了各种模型中用于加权特征的技术。为了促进该领域的研究人员，两个可用的在线工具，它们是免费获得的，可以直接用于预测原核生物和人类的基因重要性，被提及。本文为原核生物和真核生物中必需基因的鉴定提供了简单的指导。
