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Abstract：
The relative contribution of intrinsic genetic factors and extrinsic environmental ones to cancer aetiology and natural history is a lengthy and debated issue. Gene-environment interactions (G x E) arise when the combined presence of both a germline genetic variant and a known environmental factor modulates the risk of disease more than either one alone. A panel of experts discussed our current understanding of cancer aetiology, known examples of G × E interactions in cancer, and the expanded concept of G × E interactions to include somatic cancer mutations and iatrogenic environmental factors such as anti-cancer treatment. Specific genetic polymorphisms and genetic mutations increase susceptibility to certain carcinogens and may be targeted in the near future for prevention and treatment of cancer patients with novel molecularly based therapies. There was general consensus that a better understanding of the complexity and numerosity of G × E interactions, supported by adequate technological, epidemiological, modelling and statistical resources, will further promote our understanding of cancer and lead to novel preventive and therapeutic approaches.
摘要：
内在遗传因素和外在环境因素对癌症病因和自然史的相对贡献是一个漫长而有争议的问题。当种系遗传变异体和已知环境因素两者的组合存在比任何一个单独调节疾病风险时，就会出现基因-环境相互作用（GxE）。一组专家讨论了我们目前对癌症病因的理解，癌症中G×E相互作用的已知例子，和扩展的G×E相互作用的概念，包括体细胞癌症突变和医源性环境因素，如抗癌治疗。特定的遗传多态性和基因突变会增加对某些致癌物的易感性，并且可能在不久的将来通过新型分子疗法预防和治疗癌症患者。人们普遍认为，更好地理解G×E相互作用的复杂性和数量，有足够的技术支持，流行病学,建模和统计资源，将进一步促进我们对癌症的理解，并导致新的预防和治疗方法。
