PDF(Pubmed)
Abstract：
The centrosome is the best-understood microtubule-organizing center (MTOC) and is essential in particular cell types and at specific stages during Drosophila development. The centrosome is not required zygotically for mitosis or to achieve full animal development. Nevertheless, centrosomes are essential maternally during cleavage cycles in the early embryo, for male meiotic divisions, for efficient division of epithelial cells in the imaginal wing disc, and for cilium/flagellum assembly in sensory neurons and spermatozoa. Importantly, asymmetric and polarized division of stem cells is regulated by centrosomes and by the asymmetric regulation of their microtubule (MT) assembly activity. More recently, the components and functions of a variety of non-centrosomal microtubule-organizing centers (ncMTOCs) have begun to be elucidated. Throughout Drosophila development, a wide variety of unique ncMTOCs form in epithelial and non-epithelial cell types at an assortment of subcellular locations. Some of these cell types also utilize the centrosomal MTOC, while others rely exclusively on ncMTOCs. The impressive variety of ncMTOCs being discovered provides novel insight into the diverse functions of MTOCs in cells and tissues. This review highlights our current knowledge of the composition, assembly, and functional roles of centrosomal and non-centrosomal MTOCs in Drosophila.
摘要：
中心体是最容易理解的微管组织中心（MTOC），在特定的细胞类型和果蝇发育的特定阶段至关重要。对于有丝分裂或实现完整的动物发育,不需要中心体。然而，在早期胚胎的卵裂周期中，中心体是重要的母系，对于男性减数分裂，为了有效分裂想象翼盘中的上皮细胞，以及感觉神经元和精子中的纤毛/鞭毛组装。重要的是,干细胞的不对称和极化分裂受中心体及其微管（MT）组装活性的不对称调节调节。最近,各种非中心体微管组织中心（ncMTOC）的成分和功能已开始阐明。在果蝇的整个发育过程中，在各种亚细胞位置的上皮和非上皮细胞类型中形成多种独特的ncMTOC。这些细胞类型中的一些还利用中心体MTOC，而其他人则完全依赖ncMTOC。令人印象深刻的多种ncMTOC被发现提供了对MTOC在细胞和组织中的多种功能的新见解。这篇评论强调了我们目前对作文的了解，装配,中心体和非中心体MTOC在果蝇中的功能作用。
