PDF(Pubmed)
Abstract：
Recent metagenomic analysis has revealed that our gut microbiota plays an important role in not only the maintenance of our health but also various diseases such as obesity, diabetes, inflammatory bowel disease, and allergy. However, most intestinal bacteria are considered \'unculturable\' bacteria, and their functions remain unknown. Although culture-independent genomic approaches have enabled us to gain insight into their potential roles, culture-based approaches are still required to understand their characteristic features and phenotypes. To date, various culturing methods have been attempted to obtain these \'unculturable\' bacteria, but most such methods require advanced techniques. Here, we have tried to isolate possible unculturable bacteria from a healthy Japanese individual by using commercially available media. A 16S rRNA (ribosomal RNA) gene metagenomic analysis revealed that each culture medium showed bacterial growth depending on its selective features and a possibility of the presence of novel bacterial species. Whole genome sequencing of these candidate strains suggested the isolation of 8 novel bacterial species classified in the Actinobacteria and Firmicutes phyla. Our approach indicates that a number of intestinal bacteria hitherto considered unculturable are potentially culturable and can be cultured on commercially available media. We have obtained novel gut bacteria from a healthy Japanese individual using a combination of comprehensive genomics and conventional culturing methods. We would expect that the discovery of such novel bacteria could illuminate pivotal roles for the gut microbiota in association with human health.
摘要：
最近的宏基因组分析显示，我们的肠道微生物群不仅在维持我们的健康方面发挥着重要作用，而且在肥胖等各种疾病中也发挥着重要作用。糖尿病,炎症性肠病，和过敏。然而,大多数肠道细菌被认为是“不可培养的”细菌，它们的功能仍然未知。尽管与文化无关的基因组方法使我们能够深入了解它们的潜在作用，仍然需要基于文化的方法来了解它们的特征和表型。迄今为止,已经尝试了各种培养方法来获得这些“不可培养的”细菌，但是大多数这样的方法需要先进的技术。这里,我们尝试使用市售培养基从健康的日本人体内分离出可能无法培养的细菌.16SrRNA（核糖体RNA）基因宏基因组分析显示，每种培养基均显示细菌生长，这取决于其选择性特征和存在新细菌物种的可能性。这些候选菌株的全基因组测序表明，可以分离出8种新的放线菌和Firmicutes门细菌。我们的方法表明，迄今为止认为不可培养的许多肠道细菌可能是可培养的，并且可以在市售培养基上培养。我们使用综合基因组学和常规培养方法的组合从健康的日本人获得了新型肠道细菌。我们预计，这种新型细菌的发现可以阐明肠道微生物群与人类健康相关的关键作用。
