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Abstract：
OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to create a novel ex vivo organ culture model for evaluating the effects of static and dynamic load on cartilage.
METHODS: The metatarsophalangeal joints of 12 fresh cadaveric bovine feet were skinned and dissected aseptically, and cultured for up to four weeks. Dynamic movement was applied using a custom-made machine on six joints, with the others cultured under static conditions. Chondrocyte viability and matrix glycosaminoglycan (GAG) content were evaluated by the cell viability probes, 5-chloromethylfluorescein diacetate (CMFDA) and propidium iodide (PI), and dimethylmethylene blue (DMMB) assay, respectively.
RESULTS: Chondrocyte viability in the static model decreased significantly from 89.9% (sd 2.5%) (Day 0) to 66.5% (sd 13.1%) (Day 28), 94.7% (sd 1.1%) to 80. 9% (sd 5.8%) and 80.1% (sd 3.0%) to 46.9% (sd 8.5%) in the superficial quarter, central half and deep quarter of cartilage, respectively (p < 0.001 in each zone; one-way analysis of variance). The GAG content decreased significantly from 6.01 μg/mg (sd 0.06) (Day 0) to 4.71 μg/mg (sd 0.06) (Day 28) (p < 0.001; one-way analysis of variance). However, with dynamic movement, chondrocyte viability and GAG content were maintained at the Day 0 level over the four-week period without a significant change (chondrocyte viability: 92.0% (sd 4.0%) (Day 0) to 89.9% (sd 0.2%) (Day 28), 93.1% (sd 1.5%) to 93.8% (sd 0.9%) and 85.6% (sd 0.8%) to 84.0% (sd 2.9%) in the three corresponding zones; GAG content: 6.18 μg/mg (sd 0.15) (Day 0) to 6.06 μg/mg (sd 0.09) (Day 28)).
CONCLUSIONS: Dynamic joint movement maintained chondrocyte viability and cartilage GAG content. This long-term whole joint culture model could be of value in providing a more natural and controlled platform for investigating the influence of joint movement on articular cartilage, and for evaluating novel therapies for cartilage repair.Cite this article: Y-C. Lin, A. C. Hall, A. H. R. W. Simpson. A novel organ culture model of a joint for the evaluation of static and dynamic load on articular cartilage. Bone Joint Res 2018;7:205-212. DOI: 10.1302/2046-3758.73.BJR-2017-0320.
METHODS: The metatarsophalangeal joints of 12 fresh cadaveric bovine feet were skinned and dissected aseptically, and cultured for up to four weeks. Dynamic movement was applied using a custom-made machine on six joints, with the others cultured under static conditions. Chondrocyte viability and matrix glycosaminoglycan (GAG) content were evaluated by the cell viability probes, 5-chloromethylfluorescein diacetate (CMFDA) and propidium iodide (PI), and dimethylmethylene blue (DMMB) assay, respectively.
RESULTS: Chondrocyte viability in the static model decreased significantly from 89.9% (sd 2.5%) (Day 0) to 66.5% (sd 13.1%) (Day 28), 94.7% (sd 1.1%) to 80. 9% (sd 5.8%) and 80.1% (sd 3.0%) to 46.9% (sd 8.5%) in the superficial quarter, central half and deep quarter of cartilage, respectively (p < 0.001 in each zone; one-way analysis of variance). The GAG content decreased significantly from 6.01 μg/mg (sd 0.06) (Day 0) to 4.71 μg/mg (sd 0.06) (Day 28) (p < 0.001; one-way analysis of variance). However, with dynamic movement, chondrocyte viability and GAG content were maintained at the Day 0 level over the four-week period without a significant change (chondrocyte viability: 92.0% (sd 4.0%) (Day 0) to 89.9% (sd 0.2%) (Day 28), 93.1% (sd 1.5%) to 93.8% (sd 0.9%) and 85.6% (sd 0.8%) to 84.0% (sd 2.9%) in the three corresponding zones; GAG content: 6.18 μg/mg (sd 0.15) (Day 0) to 6.06 μg/mg (sd 0.09) (Day 28)).
CONCLUSIONS: Dynamic joint movement maintained chondrocyte viability and cartilage GAG content. This long-term whole joint culture model could be of value in providing a more natural and controlled platform for investigating the influence of joint movement on articular cartilage, and for evaluating novel therapies for cartilage repair.Cite this article: Y-C. Lin, A. C. Hall, A. H. R. W. Simpson. A novel organ culture model of a joint for the evaluation of static and dynamic load on articular cartilage. Bone Joint Res 2018;7:205-212. DOI: 10.1302/2046-3758.73.BJR-2017-0320.
摘要：
目的：这项研究的目的是创建一种新型的离体器官培养模型，用于评估静态和动态负荷对软骨的影响。
方法：对12只新鲜尸体牛脚的跖趾关节进行剥皮和无菌解剖，培养了四个星期.使用定制的机器在六个关节上应用动态运动，与其他人在静态条件下培养。通过细胞活力探针评估软骨细胞活力和基质糖胺聚糖（GAG）含量，5-氯甲基荧光素二乙酸酯（CMFDA）和碘化丙啶（PI），和二甲基亚甲蓝（DMMB）测定，分别。
结果：静态模型中的软骨细胞活力从89.9％（sd2.5％）（第0天）显着降低至66.5％（sd13.1％）（第28天），94.7%(SD1.1%)至80。浅季9%(SD5.8%)和80.1%(SD3.0%)至46.9%(SD8.5%)，软骨的中部一半和深层四分之一，分别(每个区域p<0.001；单向方差分析)。GAG含量从6.01μg/mg(sd0.06)(第0天)显著降低至4.71μg/mg(sd0.06)(第28天)(p<0.001;单向方差分析)。然而,随着动态运动，软骨细胞活力和GAG含量维持在第0天水平，在4周期间没有显著变化（软骨细胞活力：92.0%（sd4.0%）（第0天）至89.9%（sd0.2%）（第28天），在三个相应区域中为93.1%(sd1.5%)至93.8%(sd0.9%)和85.6%(sd0.8%)至84.0%(sd2.9%);GAG含量:6.18μg/mg(sd0.15)(第0天)至6.06μg/mg(sd0.09)(第28天))。
结论：动态关节运动维持软骨细胞活力和软骨GAG含量。这种长期的全关节培养模型可以为研究关节运动对关节软骨的影响提供更自然和受控的平台。并用于评估软骨修复的新疗法。引用这篇文章：Y-C.林,A.C.Hall,A.H.R.W.辛普森。一种新型关节器官培养模型，用于评估关节软骨的静态和动态负荷。骨关节评分2018；7：205-212。DOI：10.1302/2046-3758.73。BJR-2017-0320.
方法：对12只新鲜尸体牛脚的跖趾关节进行剥皮和无菌解剖，培养了四个星期.使用定制的机器在六个关节上应用动态运动，与其他人在静态条件下培养。通过细胞活力探针评估软骨细胞活力和基质糖胺聚糖（GAG）含量，5-氯甲基荧光素二乙酸酯（CMFDA）和碘化丙啶（PI），和二甲基亚甲蓝（DMMB）测定，分别。
结果：静态模型中的软骨细胞活力从89.9％（sd2.5％）（第0天）显着降低至66.5％（sd13.1％）（第28天），94.7%(SD1.1%)至80。浅季9%(SD5.8%)和80.1%(SD3.0%)至46.9%(SD8.5%)，软骨的中部一半和深层四分之一，分别(每个区域p<0.001；单向方差分析)。GAG含量从6.01μg/mg(sd0.06)(第0天)显著降低至4.71μg/mg(sd0.06)(第28天)(p<0.001;单向方差分析)。然而,随着动态运动，软骨细胞活力和GAG含量维持在第0天水平，在4周期间没有显著变化（软骨细胞活力：92.0%（sd4.0%）（第0天）至89.9%（sd0.2%）（第28天），在三个相应区域中为93.1%(sd1.5%)至93.8%(sd0.9%)和85.6%(sd0.8%)至84.0%(sd2.9%);GAG含量:6.18μg/mg(sd0.15)(第0天)至6.06μg/mg(sd0.09)(第28天))。
结论：动态关节运动维持软骨细胞活力和软骨GAG含量。这种长期的全关节培养模型可以为研究关节运动对关节软骨的影响提供更自然和受控的平台。并用于评估软骨修复的新疗法。引用这篇文章：Y-C.林,A.C.Hall,A.H.R.W.辛普森。一种新型关节器官培养模型，用于评估关节软骨的静态和动态负荷。骨关节评分2018；7：205-212。DOI：10.1302/2046-3758.73。BJR-2017-0320.
