PDF(Pubmed)
Abstract：
Porcine tonsils are lympho-epithelial tissues, colonized by numerous bacteria and viruses, that act as a reservoir for both host-specific pathogens and zoonotic pathogens with a high potential of transmission to humans. There are no existing studies describing the development of the tonsillar microbiome. We sequenced 16S rRNA genes from tonsillar samples of pigs to follow the development of the microbial communities from birth through weaning. Samples derived from sows were also analyzed to determine potential sources for the tonsil microbiome in piglets.
The composition of the newborn piglet tonsil microbiome could be differentiated by litter and had strong similarity to the sow teat skin as well as sow vaginal microbiome. The tonsil microbiome in these young piglets was mainly dominated by members of the Pasteurellaceae, Moraxellaceae, and Streptococcaceae families, while there were some transient members of the microbiome that were abundant at specific times, such as Staphylococcaceae in newborns and Fusobacteriaceae and Leptotrichiaceae in weeks 2 and 3. The microbiome initially differed between litters but over the following 3 weeks the communities of different litters converged in composition and then diverged in week 4 due to a combination of changes and stresses associated with weaning, including a shift from milk to a solid diet, in-feed Carbadox® and room change.
A significant portion of the tonsil microbiome was acquired either at birth from the sow vaginal tract or within a few hours post-birth from the sow teat skin. Our data demonstrate a temporal succession in the development of the pig tonsillar microbiome through the first weeks of life, with a convergence in the composition of the microbiome in all piglets by 3 weeks of age. The combination of management practices associated with weaning coincided with dramatic shifts in the tonsillar microbiome.
The composition of the newborn piglet tonsil microbiome could be differentiated by litter and had strong similarity to the sow teat skin as well as sow vaginal microbiome. The tonsil microbiome in these young piglets was mainly dominated by members of the Pasteurellaceae, Moraxellaceae, and Streptococcaceae families, while there were some transient members of the microbiome that were abundant at specific times, such as Staphylococcaceae in newborns and Fusobacteriaceae and Leptotrichiaceae in weeks 2 and 3. The microbiome initially differed between litters but over the following 3 weeks the communities of different litters converged in composition and then diverged in week 4 due to a combination of changes and stresses associated with weaning, including a shift from milk to a solid diet, in-feed Carbadox® and room change.
A significant portion of the tonsil microbiome was acquired either at birth from the sow vaginal tract or within a few hours post-birth from the sow teat skin. Our data demonstrate a temporal succession in the development of the pig tonsillar microbiome through the first weeks of life, with a convergence in the composition of the microbiome in all piglets by 3 weeks of age. The combination of management practices associated with weaning coincided with dramatic shifts in the tonsillar microbiome.
摘要：
猪扁桃体是淋巴上皮组织,被许多细菌和病毒定殖，作为宿主特异性病原体和人畜共患病原体的储库，具有很高的传播潜力。没有现有的研究描述扁桃体微生物组的发展。我们对猪扁桃体样品中的16SrRNA基因进行了测序，以跟踪从出生到断奶的微生物群落的发展。还分析了来自母猪的样品以确定仔猪扁桃体微生物组的潜在来源。
新生仔猪扁桃体微生物组的组成可以通过产仔区分，与母猪乳头皮肤和母猪阴道微生物组有很强的相似性。这些年轻仔猪的扁桃体微生物组主要由巴斯德科的成员主导，Moraxellaceae,和链球菌科，虽然微生物组中有一些短暂的成员在特定时间丰富，例如新生儿中的葡萄球菌科以及第2周和第3周的梭杆菌科和接头菌科。微生物组最初在窝之间有所不同，但在接下来的3周内，由于与断奶相关的变化和压力的组合，不同窝的群落在组成上融合，然后在第4周发散。包括从牛奶到固体饮食的转变，在饲料Carbadox®和房间的变化。
扁桃体微生物组的很大一部分是在出生时从母猪阴道或出生后数小时内从母猪乳头皮肤获得的。我们的数据表明，猪扁桃体微生物组在生命的最初几周内发育的时间顺序，到3周龄时，所有仔猪的微生物组组成趋同。与断奶相关的管理实践的结合与扁桃体微生物组的急剧变化相吻合。
新生仔猪扁桃体微生物组的组成可以通过产仔区分，与母猪乳头皮肤和母猪阴道微生物组有很强的相似性。这些年轻仔猪的扁桃体微生物组主要由巴斯德科的成员主导，Moraxellaceae,和链球菌科，虽然微生物组中有一些短暂的成员在特定时间丰富，例如新生儿中的葡萄球菌科以及第2周和第3周的梭杆菌科和接头菌科。微生物组最初在窝之间有所不同，但在接下来的3周内，由于与断奶相关的变化和压力的组合，不同窝的群落在组成上融合，然后在第4周发散。包括从牛奶到固体饮食的转变，在饲料Carbadox®和房间的变化。
扁桃体微生物组的很大一部分是在出生时从母猪阴道或出生后数小时内从母猪乳头皮肤获得的。我们的数据表明，猪扁桃体微生物组在生命的最初几周内发育的时间顺序，到3周龄时，所有仔猪的微生物组组成趋同。与断奶相关的管理实践的结合与扁桃体微生物组的急剧变化相吻合。
