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Abstract：
Iran is currently discussing cannabis and opium regulations, which could bring a legalisation of drug consumption through a state supervised system. The article engages with the question of cannabis by looking at the legal interpretation of religious authorities in the Islamic Republic of Iran. The choice of Iran is justified for several reasons: firstly, Iran has a long history of drug use and cannabis has been part of the country\'s intoxicant traditions since times immemorial; secondly, the Iranian state is unique in that it combines religious exegesis with political machination through official channels; finally, among all Middle East and Islamic countries, Iran is at the avant-garde in experimenting in the field of drugs policy which makes an excellent case for the study of cannabis regulation. The article is the result of a direct engagement with Iran\'s leading Shi\'a authorities, the maraje\'-e taqlid, \'source of emulation\'. The authors redacted a list of eight questions (estefta\'at) about the status of cannabis in Iranian society. It questioned cannabis\' legality in Islam, its potential medical use, the feasibility of domestic production and other relevant aspects of its social-religious life. Based on the responses, the authors analysed the difference in opinions among the religious scholars and speculate on the possibility of policy reform. Given the dearth of scholarly work about illicit drugs in the Islamic world, about which many readers might not be familiar, the article opens with an overview of the place of cannabis in the history of Islamic societies. It discusses terminological ambiguities, references in religious texts and traditions, and the general interpretations within Muslim religious schools of thought. Then, it discusses the status of cannabis in contemporary Iran before tackling the responses provided by the religious scholars. Eventually, the paper puts forward reflections about the potential implications for future policy developments on cannabis.
摘要：
伊朗目前正在讨论大麻和鸦片法规,这可以通过国家监督的系统使毒品消费合法化。本文通过研究伊朗伊斯兰共和国宗教当局的法律解释来解决大麻问题。选择伊朗的理由有几个：首先，伊朗有着悠久的吸毒历史，自远古时代以来，大麻一直是该国令人陶醉的传统的一部分;其次，伊朗国家的独特之处在于它通过官方渠道将宗教教义与政治阴谋相结合；最后，在所有中东和伊斯兰国家中，伊朗在毒品政策领域的试验是前卫的，这为研究大麻监管提供了极好的理由。这篇文章是与伊朗主要的什叶派当局直接接触的结果，maraje\'-etaqlid,\'仿真源\'。作者编辑了关于大麻在伊朗社会中地位的八个问题（estefta\'at）。它质疑大麻在伊斯兰教中的合法性，其潜在的医疗用途，国内生产的可行性及其社会宗教生活的其他相关方面。根据回应，作者分析了宗教学者之间的意见分歧，并推测了政策改革的可能性。鉴于伊斯兰世界缺乏关于非法毒品的学术研究，许多读者可能不熟悉，本文首先概述了大麻在伊斯兰社会史上的地位。它讨论了术语歧义，在宗教文本和传统中引用，以及穆斯林宗教思想流派中的一般解释。然后，在解决宗教学者提供的答复之前，它讨论了当代伊朗的大麻状况。最终,该文件提出了对未来大麻政策发展的潜在影响的思考。
