Abstract：
Small angle neutron scattering (SANS) is a powerful tool to obtain structural information on solubilized membrane proteins on the nanometer length-scale in complement to other structural biology techniques such as cryo-EM, NMR and SAXS. In combination with deuteration of components and/or contrast variation (H2O:D2O exchange in the buffer) SANS allows to separate structural information from the protein and the detergent/lipid parts in solution. After a short historical overview on results obtained by SANS on membrane protein systems, this book chapter introduces the basic theoretical principles of the technique as well as requirements on samples. The two introductory sections are followed by an illustration of the specific consequences of sample heterogeneity of solubilized membrane proteins in the presence of detergent/lipid molecules on the interpretation of structural information by using simple, geometric models. The next sections deal with more sophisticated modelling approaches including ab initio shape reconstructions and full-atomic models in the presence of detergent/lipid and specific results obtained by these approaches. After a short comparison with the SAXS technique, this book chapter concludes with an overview of present and future developments and impact that can be expected by SANS on membrane structural biology in the coming years.
摘要：
小角度中子散射（SANS）是一种强大的工具，可以在纳米长度尺度上获得溶解的膜蛋白的结构信息，以补充其他结构生物学技术，例如cryo-EM。NMR和SAXS。与组分的氘代和/或对比变化（缓冲液中的H2O：D2O交换）相结合，SANS可以将结构信息与溶液中的蛋白质和去污剂/脂质部分分开。在对SANS在膜蛋白系统上获得的结果进行简短的历史概述之后，本书本章介绍了该技术的基本理论原理以及对样品的要求。在两个介绍性部分之后，通过使用简单的方法说明了在洗涤剂/脂质分子存在下溶解的膜蛋白的样品异质性对结构信息解释的特定后果，几何模型。接下来的部分涉及更复杂的建模方法，包括在洗涤剂/脂质存在下的从头算形状重建和全原子模型以及通过这些方法获得的特定结果。在与SAXS技术进行简短比较后，本书最后概述了SANS在未来几年对膜结构生物学的当前和未来发展以及影响。
