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Abstract：
Dissection on to the facial aspect of the zygoma is common in procedures of the midface for trauma, craniofacial deformity, and cosmesis. These procedures carry the risk of injury to the neurovascular structures that exit from the zygomaticofacial foramen (ZFF). The purpose of this study was to map the ZFF, and to establish reliable reference points from which to identify it before and during operation. We also aimed to compare the anatomy of the ZFF between sexes and among geographical populations. A total of 429 adult skulls from nine geographical sites were used. A cross-line laser was superimposed on to each zygoma to generate consistent landmarks (lines 1 and 2) from which to measure the ZFF, and the number of ZFF on each zygoma was recorded. The site and incidence of ZFF differed significantly among geographical populations, but not between sexes. Of all 858 sides, no foramina were found in 16.3%, one foramen in 49.8%, two foramina in 29%, three in 3.4% and four in 1.4%. A total of 93% of foramina were within a 25mm diameter zone (ZFF zone) centred 5mm anterior to the intersection of lines 1 and 2 on the right zygoma, and 94% were within equivalent measurements on the left. Using these landmarks, we propose a new method of identifying a ZFF zone that is irrespective of sex or geographical population. This technique may be useful in the prevention of iatrogenic damage to the ZFF neurovascular bundle during procedures on the midface and in local nerve blocks.
摘要：
在面部中部的创伤手术中，对zygoma的面部解剖很常见，颅面畸形,和宇宙。这些程序具有对从颌面孔（ZFF）离开的神经血管结构造成伤害的风险。这项研究的目的是绘制ZFF，并建立可靠的参考点，在操作之前和操作期间从中进行识别。我们还旨在比较性别之间和地理人群之间ZFF的解剖结构。总共使用了来自9个地理地点的429个成年头骨。将交叉线激光叠加到每个zygoma上，以生成一致的地标（线1和2），从中测量ZFF，并记录每个zygoma上的ZFF数量。ZFF的地点和发病率在地理人群中差异很大，但不是两性之间。在所有858个方面，16.3%没有发现有孔，一个孔占49.8%，29%的两个孔，三个占3.4%，四个占1.4%。总共有93％的孔位于直径为25mm的区域（ZFF区域）内，该区域位于右侧zygoma上的线1和2的交点前方5mm处。94%在左侧的测量范围内。利用这些地标，我们提出了一种新的方法来识别ZFF区域，该区域与性别或地理人口无关。该技术可用于预防在中面和局部神经阻滞过程中对ZFF神经血管束的医源性损伤。
