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Abstract：
Viruses enter host cells via several mechanisms, including endocytosis, macropinocytosis, and phagocytosis. They can also fuse at the plasma membrane and can spread within the host via cell-to-cell fusion or syncytia. The mechanism used by a given viral strain depends on its external topology and proteome and the type of cell being entered. This comparative review discusses the cellular attachment receptors and entry pathways of dsDNA viruses belonging to the families Adenoviridae, Baculoviridae, Herpesviridae and nucleocytoplasmic large DNA viruses (NCLDVs) belonging to the families Ascoviridae, Asfarviridae, Iridoviridae, Phycodnaviridae, and Poxviridae, and giant viruses belonging to the families Mimiviridae and Marseilleviridae as well as the proposed families Pandoraviridae and Pithoviridae. Although these viruses have several common features (e.g., topology, replication and protein sequence similarities) they utilize different entry pathways to infect wide-range of hosts, including humans, other mammals, invertebrates, fish, protozoa and algae. Similarities and differences between the entry methods used by these virus families are highlighted, with particular emphasis on viral topology and proteins that mediate viral attachment and entry. Cell types that are frequently used to study viral entry are also reviewed, along with other factors that affect virus-host cell interactions.
摘要：
病毒通过几种机制进入宿主细胞，包括内吞作用,巨噬细胞增多症，和吞噬作用。它们还可以在质膜处融合,并且可以通过细胞与细胞融合或合胞体在宿主内扩散。给定病毒株使用的机制取决于其外部拓扑结构和蛋白质组以及进入的细胞类型。这篇比较综述讨论了属于腺病毒科的dsDNA病毒的细胞附着受体和进入途径，杆状病毒科,疱疹病毒科和核细胞质大DNA病毒（NCLDV）属于子囊病毒科，Asfarviridae,轮状病毒科,Phycodnaviridae,和波克斯病毒科，以及属于Mimiviridae和Marseilleviridae以及拟议的Pandoraviridae和Pithoviridae的巨型病毒。尽管这些病毒有几个共同的特征(例如，拓扑,复制和蛋白质序列相似性）它们利用不同的进入途径感染广泛的宿主，包括人类,其他哺乳动物,无脊椎动物,鱼,原生动物和藻类。强调了这些病毒家族使用的进入方法之间的异同，特别强调病毒拓扑结构和介导病毒附着和进入的蛋白质。还回顾了经常用于研究病毒进入的细胞类型，以及影响病毒与宿主细胞相互作用的其他因素。
