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Abstract：
BACKGROUND: Outbreaks of a Haemorrhagic Septicaemia (HS) like disease causing large mortalities in camels (Camelus dromedarius) in Asia and in Africa have been reported since 1890. Yet the aetiology of this condition remains elusive. This study is the first to apply state of the art molecular methods to shed light on the nasopharyngeal carrier state of Pasteurellaceae in camels. The study focused on HS causing Pasteurella multocida capsular types B and E. Other Pasteurellaceae, implicated in common respiratory infections of animals, were also investigated.
METHODS: In 2007 and 2008, 388 nasopharyngeal swabs were collected at 12 locations in North Kenya from 246 clinically healthy camels in 81 herds that had been affected by HS-like disease. Swabs were used to cultivate bacteria on blood agar and to extract DNA for subsequent PCR analysis targeting P. multocida and Mannheimia-specific gene sequences.
RESULTS: Forty-five samples were positive for P. multocida genes kmt and psl and for the P. multocida Haemorrhagic Septicaemia (HS) specific sequences KTSP61/KTT72 but lacked HS-associated capsular type B and E genes capB and capE. This indicates circulation of HS strains in camels that lack established capsular types. Sequence analysis of the partial 16S rRNA gene identified 17 nasal swab isolates as 99% identical with Mannheimia granulomatis, demonstrating a hitherto unrecognised active carrier state for M. granulomatis or a closely related Mannheimia sp. in camels.
CONCLUSIONS: The findings of this study provide evidence for the presence of acapsular P. multocida or of hitherto unknown capsular types of P. multocida in camels, closely related to P. multocida strains causing HS in bovines. Further isolations and molecular studies of camelid P. multocida from healthy carriers and from HS-like disease in camels are necessary to provide conclusive answers. This paper is the first report on the isolation of M. granulomatis or a closely related new Mannheimia species from camelids.
METHODS: In 2007 and 2008, 388 nasopharyngeal swabs were collected at 12 locations in North Kenya from 246 clinically healthy camels in 81 herds that had been affected by HS-like disease. Swabs were used to cultivate bacteria on blood agar and to extract DNA for subsequent PCR analysis targeting P. multocida and Mannheimia-specific gene sequences.
RESULTS: Forty-five samples were positive for P. multocida genes kmt and psl and for the P. multocida Haemorrhagic Septicaemia (HS) specific sequences KTSP61/KTT72 but lacked HS-associated capsular type B and E genes capB and capE. This indicates circulation of HS strains in camels that lack established capsular types. Sequence analysis of the partial 16S rRNA gene identified 17 nasal swab isolates as 99% identical with Mannheimia granulomatis, demonstrating a hitherto unrecognised active carrier state for M. granulomatis or a closely related Mannheimia sp. in camels.
CONCLUSIONS: The findings of this study provide evidence for the presence of acapsular P. multocida or of hitherto unknown capsular types of P. multocida in camels, closely related to P. multocida strains causing HS in bovines. Further isolations and molecular studies of camelid P. multocida from healthy carriers and from HS-like disease in camels are necessary to provide conclusive answers. This paper is the first report on the isolation of M. granulomatis or a closely related new Mannheimia species from camelids.
摘要：
背景：自1890年以来，已经报道了在亚洲和非洲的骆驼（Camelusdromedarius）中引起大量死亡的出血性败血症（HS）样疾病的爆发。然而，这种情况的病因仍然难以捉摸。这项研究是首次应用最先进的分子方法来阐明骆驼巴斯德乌尔科鼻咽的携带者状态。该研究集中于引起HS的多杀性巴氏杆菌荚膜B型和E型。其他巴氏杆菌科，与动物常见的呼吸道感染有关，也被调查了。
方法：在2007年和2008年，在肯尼亚北部的12个地点，从81头受HS样疾病影响的246头临床健康骆驼中收集了388头鼻咽拭子。使用拭子在血琼脂上培养细菌并提取DNA用于随后的PCR分析,所述PCR分析靶向多杀性疟原虫和Mannheimia特异性基因序列。
结果：45个样本中的多杀性疟原虫基因kmt和psl以及多杀性疟原虫出血性败血症（HS）特异性序列KTSP61/KTT72均呈阳性，但缺乏HS相关的荚膜B型和E基因capB和capE。这表明缺乏已确定的囊膜类型的骆驼中HS菌株的循环。部分16SrRNA基因的序列分析鉴定出17个鼻拭子分离株与Mannheimiagranulomatis99％相同，表明肉芽肿分枝杆菌或密切相关的Mannheimiasp。在骆驼里.
结论：这项研究的结果为骆驼中存在无囊多杀P.multocida或迄今未知的囊型多杀P.与在牛中引起HS的多杀性疟原虫菌株密切相关。有必要从健康携带者和骆驼HS样疾病中进一步分离和分子研究骆驼多杀性疟原虫，以提供确凿的答案。本文是有关从骆驼科动物中分离肉芽肿分枝杆菌或密切相关的新Mannheimia物种的首次报道。
方法：在2007年和2008年，在肯尼亚北部的12个地点，从81头受HS样疾病影响的246头临床健康骆驼中收集了388头鼻咽拭子。使用拭子在血琼脂上培养细菌并提取DNA用于随后的PCR分析,所述PCR分析靶向多杀性疟原虫和Mannheimia特异性基因序列。
结果：45个样本中的多杀性疟原虫基因kmt和psl以及多杀性疟原虫出血性败血症（HS）特异性序列KTSP61/KTT72均呈阳性，但缺乏HS相关的荚膜B型和E基因capB和capE。这表明缺乏已确定的囊膜类型的骆驼中HS菌株的循环。部分16SrRNA基因的序列分析鉴定出17个鼻拭子分离株与Mannheimiagranulomatis99％相同，表明肉芽肿分枝杆菌或密切相关的Mannheimiasp。在骆驼里.
结论：这项研究的结果为骆驼中存在无囊多杀P.multocida或迄今未知的囊型多杀P.与在牛中引起HS的多杀性疟原虫菌株密切相关。有必要从健康携带者和骆驼HS样疾病中进一步分离和分子研究骆驼多杀性疟原虫，以提供确凿的答案。本文是有关从骆驼科动物中分离肉芽肿分枝杆菌或密切相关的新Mannheimia物种的首次报道。
