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Abstract：
BACKGROUND: Noise-induced hearing loss is one of the most common forms of sensorineural hearing loss, is a major health problem, is largely preventable and is probably more widespread than revealed by conventional pure tone threshold testing. Noise-induced damage to the cochlea is traditionally considered to be associated with symmetrical mild to moderate hearing loss with associated tinnitus; however, there is a significant number of patients with asymmetrical thresholds and, depending on the exposure, severe to profound hearing loss as well.
METHODS: Recent epidemiology and animal studies have provided further insight into the pathophysiology, clinical findings, social and economic impacts of noise-induced hearing loss. Furthermore, it is recently shown that acoustic trauma is associated with vestibular dysfunction, with associated dizziness that is not always measurable with current techniques. Deliberation of the prevalence, treatment and prevention of noise-induced hearing loss is important and timely. Currently, prevention and protection are the first lines of defence, although promising protective effects are emerging from multiple different pharmaceutical agents, such as steroids, antioxidants and neurotrophins.
CONCLUSIONS: This review provides a comprehensive update on the pathophysiology, investigations, prevalence of asymmetry, associated symptoms, and current strategies on the prevention and treatment of noise-induced hearing loss.
METHODS: Recent epidemiology and animal studies have provided further insight into the pathophysiology, clinical findings, social and economic impacts of noise-induced hearing loss. Furthermore, it is recently shown that acoustic trauma is associated with vestibular dysfunction, with associated dizziness that is not always measurable with current techniques. Deliberation of the prevalence, treatment and prevention of noise-induced hearing loss is important and timely. Currently, prevention and protection are the first lines of defence, although promising protective effects are emerging from multiple different pharmaceutical agents, such as steroids, antioxidants and neurotrophins.
CONCLUSIONS: This review provides a comprehensive update on the pathophysiology, investigations, prevalence of asymmetry, associated symptoms, and current strategies on the prevention and treatment of noise-induced hearing loss.
摘要：
背景：噪声性听力损失是最常见的感觉神经性听力损失之一，是一个重大的健康问题，在很大程度上是可以预防的，并且可能比传统的纯音阈值测试所揭示的更广泛。传统上，噪声引起的耳蜗损伤被认为与对称的轻度至中度听力损失以及相关的耳鸣有关；但是，有相当数量的患者具有不对称的阈值，根据曝光情况，严重到严重的听力损失。
方法：最近的流行病学和动物研究为病理生理学提供了进一步的见解，临床发现，噪声引起的听力损失的社会和经济影响。此外，最近表明，声学创伤与前庭功能障碍有关，与相关的头晕，这并不总是可以用当前的技术来衡量。对患病率的审议，治疗和预防噪声引起的听力损失是重要和及时的。目前,预防和保护是第一道防线，虽然有希望的保护作用正在出现从多种不同的药物，比如类固醇，抗氧化剂和神经营养因子。
结论：这篇综述提供了关于病理生理学的全面更新，调查,不对称的普遍性，相关症状,以及预防和治疗噪声引起的听力损失的当前策略。
方法：最近的流行病学和动物研究为病理生理学提供了进一步的见解，临床发现，噪声引起的听力损失的社会和经济影响。此外，最近表明，声学创伤与前庭功能障碍有关，与相关的头晕，这并不总是可以用当前的技术来衡量。对患病率的审议，治疗和预防噪声引起的听力损失是重要和及时的。目前,预防和保护是第一道防线，虽然有希望的保护作用正在出现从多种不同的药物，比如类固醇，抗氧化剂和神经营养因子。
结论：这篇综述提供了关于病理生理学的全面更新，调查,不对称的普遍性，相关症状,以及预防和治疗噪声引起的听力损失的当前策略。
