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Abstract：
This review outlines nitrogen (N) responses in crop production and potential management decisions to ameliorate abiotic stresses for better crop production. N is a primary constituent of the nucleotides and proteins that are essential for life. Production and application of N fertilizers consume huge amounts of energy, and excess is detrimental to the environment. Therefore, increasing plant N use efficiency (NUE) is important for the development of sustainable agriculture. NUE has a key role in crop yield and can be enhanced by controlling loss of fertilizers by application of humic acid and natural polymers (hydrogels), having high water-holding capacity which can improve plant performance under field conditions. Abiotic stresses such as waterlogging, drought, heat, and salinity are the major limitations for successful crop production. Therefore, integrated management approaches such as addition of aminoethoxyvinylglycine (AVG), the film antitranspirant (di-1-p-menthene and pinolene) nutrients, hydrogels, and phytohormones may provide novel approaches to improve plant tolerance against abiotic stress-induced damage. Moreover, for plant breeders and molecular biologists, it is a challenge to develop cotton cultivars that can tolerate plant abiotic stresses while having high potential NUE for the future.
摘要：
这篇综述概述了作物生产中的氮（N）响应以及潜在的管理决策，以改善非生物胁迫以改善作物生产。N是生命必需的核苷酸和蛋白质的主要成分。氮肥的生产和施用消耗大量的能源，过量对环境有害。因此,提高植物氮素利用效率(NUE)对发展可持续农业具有重要意义。NUE在作物产量中起着关键作用，可以通过施用腐殖酸和天然聚合物（水凝胶）来控制肥料的损失来提高。具有高持水能力，可以在田间条件下提高植物性能。非生物胁迫，如内涝，干旱,热,和盐度是成功作物生产的主要限制因素。因此,综合管理方法，如添加氨基乙氧基乙烯基甘氨酸(AVG)，薄膜抗蒸腾剂（二-1-对薄荷烯和pinolene）营养素，水凝胶,和植物激素可能提供新的方法来提高植物对非生物胁迫诱导的损害的耐受性。此外，对于植物育种者和分子生物学家来说，开发能够耐受植物非生物胁迫同时具有未来高潜力NUE的棉花品种是一项挑战。
