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Abstract：
The B7-CD28 family of ligands and receptors play important roles in T-cell co-stimulation and co-inhibition. Phylogenetically they can be divided into three groups. The recent discovery of the new molecules (B7-H3 [CD276], B7x [B7-H4/B7S1], and HHLA2 [B7H7/B7-H5]/TMIGD2 [IGPR-1/CD28H]) of the group III has expanded therapeutic possibilities for the treatment of human diseases. In this review, we describe the discovery, structure, and function of B7-H3, B7x, HHLA2, and TMIGD2 in immune regulation. We also discuss their roles in important pathological states such as cancers, autoimmune diseases, transplantation, and infection. Various immunotherapeutical approaches are emerging including antagonistic monoclonal antibodies and agonistic fusion proteins to inhibit or potentiate these molecules and pathways in cancers and autoimmune diseases.
摘要：
配体和受体的B7-CD28家族在T细胞共刺激和共抑制中起重要作用。在系统发育上，它们可以分为三组。最近发现的新分子（B7-H3[CD276]，B7x[B7-H4/B7S1]，和III组的HHLA2[B7H7/B7-H5]/TMIGD2[IGPR-1/CD28H]）扩大了治疗人类疾病的治疗可能性。在这次审查中,我们描述了这个发现，结构,和B7-H3，B7x，HHLA2和TMIGD2在免疫调节中的作用。我们还讨论了它们在重要病理状态如癌症中的作用，自身免疫性疾病，移植,和感染。正在出现各种免疫治疗方法,包括拮抗性单克隆抗体和激动性融合蛋白,以在癌症和自身免疫疾病中抑制或增强这些分子和途径。
