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Abstract：
The number of recreational scuba divers is steadily increasing. In its latest recommendations, the French Federation of Undersea Studies and Sports listed congenital heart disease as a formal and final contraindication to scuba diving. On the other hand, with the progress made in their management, the prognosis and quality of life of patients with congenital heart diseases have improved considerably, enabling them to engage in physical and sports endeavours, which are known to confer general health and psychological benefits. As a consequence, the ability of these patients to dive has become a regular and recurrent issue. We review the various types of scuba diving, the physical performance required for its practice, its effects on cardiovascular function and the elements that need to be considered before recommending whether it can be practiced safely at various levels of difficulty. Because of the diversity and broad heterogeneity of congenital heart diseases, a detailed evaluation of each patient\'s performance based on clinical criteria common to all congenital heart diseases is recommended.
摘要：
休闲潜水员的数量正在稳步增加。在其最新建议中，法国海底研究和体育联合会将先天性心脏病列为水肺潜水的正式和最终禁忌症。另一方面,随着他们管理的进步，先天性心脏病患者的预后和生活质量有了很大改善，使他们能够从事体育和体育活动，众所周知，这赋予了一般的健康和心理益处。因此,这些患者的潜水能力已成为一个经常性的问题。我们回顾了各种类型的水肺潜水，练习所需的物理表现，它对心血管功能的影响以及在建议是否可以在各种困难水平下安全实施之前需要考虑的因素。由于先天性心脏病的多样性和广泛的异质性，建议根据所有先天性心脏病常见的临床标准，对每位患者的表现进行详细评估。
