Abstract：
Animal hosts typically have strong specificity for microbial symbionts and their functions. The symbiotic relationships have enhanced the limited metabolic networks of most eukaryotes by contributing several prokaryotic metabolic capabilities, such as methanogenesis, chemolithoautotrophy, nitrogen assimilation, etc. This review will examine the characteristics that determine bacterial \"fidelity\" to certain groups of animals (e.g., xylophagous insects, such as termites and cockroaches) over generations and throughout evolution. The hindgut bacteria of wood-feeding termites and cockroaches belong to several phyla, including Proteobacteria, especially Deltaproteobacteria, Bacteroidetes, Firmicutes, Actinomycetes, Spirochetes, Verrucomicrobia, and Actinobacteria, as detected by 16S rRNA. Termites effectively feed on many types of lignocelluloses assisted by their gut microbial symbionts. Although the community structures differ between the hosts (termites and cockroaches), with changes in the relative abundances of particular bacterial taxa, the composition of the bacterial community could reflect at least in part the host evolution in that the microbiota may derive from the microbiota of a common ancestor. Therefore, factors other than host phylogeny, such as diet could have had strong influence in shaping the bacterial community structure.
摘要：
动物宿主通常对微生物共生体及其功能具有很强的特异性。共生关系通过贡献几种原核代谢能力，增强了大多数真核生物的有限代谢网络。比如产甲烷，化学性自体萎缩,氮同化，等。这篇综述将研究确定细菌对某些动物群体的“保真度”的特征(例如，木食昆虫，例如白蚁和蟑螂）在世代和整个进化过程中。以木材为食的白蚁和蟑螂的后肠细菌属于几种门，包括变形杆菌,尤其是Deltaproteobacteria,拟杆菌,Firmicutes,放线菌,螺旋体,Verrucomicrobia,和放线菌,由16SrRNA检测。白蚁在其肠道微生物共生体的辅助下有效地以多种类型的木质纤维素为食。尽管宿主（白蚁和蟑螂）之间的群落结构不同，随着特定细菌分类群相对丰度的变化，细菌群落的组成可以至少部分反映宿主的进化，因为微生物群可能来自共同祖先的微生物群。因此,宿主系统发育以外的因素，例如饮食可能对塑造细菌群落结构有很大的影响。
