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Abstract：
Interactions between plants and soil microorganisms influence individual plant performance and thus plant-community composition. Most studies on such plant-soil feedbacks (PSFs) have been performed under controlled greenhouse conditions, whereas no study has directly compared PSFs under greenhouse and natural field conditions. We grew three grass species that differ in local abundance in grassland communities simultaneously in the greenhouse and field on field-collected soils either previously conditioned by these species or by the general grassland community. As soils in grasslands are typically conditioned by mixes of species through the patchy and heterogeneous plant species\' distributions, we additionally compared the effects of species-specific versus non-specific species conditioning on PSFs in natural and greenhouse conditions. In almost all comparisons PSFs differed between the greenhouse and field. In the greenhouse, plant growth in species-specific and non-specific soils resulted in similar effects with neutral PSFs for the most abundant species and positive PSFs for the less abundant species. In contrast, in the field all grass species tested performed best in non-specific plots, whereas species-specific PSFs were neutral for the most abundant and varied for the less abundant species. This indicates a general beneficial effect of plant diversity on PSFs in the field. Controlled greenhouse conditions might provide valuable insights on the nominal effects of soils on plants. However, the PSFs observed in greenhouse conditions may not be the determining drivers in natural plant communities where their effects may be overwhelmed by the diversity of abiotic and biotic above- and belowground interactions in the field.
摘要：
植物与土壤微生物之间的相互作用会影响单个植物的性能，从而影响植物群落的组成。对这种植物-土壤反馈（PSF）的大多数研究都是在受控的温室条件下进行的。而没有研究直接比较温室和自然田间条件下的PSF。我们在温室和田间收集的土壤中同时种植了三种草种，这些草种在草地群落中的本地丰度不同，这些草种先前受到这些物种或一般草地群落的制约。由于草原上的土壤通常是由通过斑驳和异质植物物种分布的物种混合来调节的，我们还比较了在自然和温室条件下，物种特异性和非特异性物种调节对PSF的影响。在几乎所有比较中，温室和田间的PSF都不同。在温室里,物种特异性和非特异性土壤中的植物生长对最丰富的物种具有中性PSF，对较不丰富的物种具有正PSF。相比之下,在野外，所有测试的草种在非特定地块中表现最好，而物种特异性PSF对于最丰富的物种是中性的，对于不太丰富的物种是变化的。这表明植物多样性对田间PSF的一般有益影响。受控的温室条件可能会为土壤对植物的名义影响提供有价值的见解。然而,在温室条件下观察到的PSF可能不是自然植物群落的决定性驱动因素，在自然植物群落中，其影响可能被田间非生物和生物上下相互作用的多样性所淹没。
