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Abstract：
Traffic crashes are one of the leading causes of fatalities among Chinese children. Booster cushion usage in China is low, and there are no studies showing how a population with limited experience handles booster cushions during buckling up. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the handling of and explore the attitudes toward booster cushions among children, parents, and grandparents in Shanghai.
An observational study including a convenience sample of 254 children aged 4-12 years was conducted in 2 passenger cars at a shopping center in Shanghai. Parents, grandparents, or the children themselves buckled up the child on 2 types of booster cushions, a 2-stage integrated booster cushion (IBC) and an aftermarket booster cushion (BC). The test participants were observed during buckling up, first without and then with instructions. The test leaders conducted structured interviews.
Ninety-eight percent of the uninstructed participants failed to buckle up without identified misuse on the aftermarket booster cushion and 31% of those uninstructed on the integrated booster cushion. The majority of misuse was severe, including placing the belt behind the arm and the lap belt routing above the guiding loops. Instruction reduced misuse to 58% (BC) and 12% (IBC), respectively, and, in particular, severe misuse. Some misuse was related to limited knowledge of how to buckle up on the booster cushion, and some misuse was intentional in order to reduce discomfort. The participants, both children and adults, reported that they preferred the IBC due to good comfort and convenience. Safety was reported as the main reason for adults using booster cushions in general, whereas children reported comfort as the most important motivation.
Education is needed to ensure frequent and correct use of booster cushions in China and to raise safety awareness among children and adults. Furthermore, it is important that the booster cushions offer intuitively correct usage to a population with limited experience of booster cushions. This is the first study published on the handling of and attitude toward booster cushions after child restraints laws were introduced in Shanghai 2014.
An observational study including a convenience sample of 254 children aged 4-12 years was conducted in 2 passenger cars at a shopping center in Shanghai. Parents, grandparents, or the children themselves buckled up the child on 2 types of booster cushions, a 2-stage integrated booster cushion (IBC) and an aftermarket booster cushion (BC). The test participants were observed during buckling up, first without and then with instructions. The test leaders conducted structured interviews.
Ninety-eight percent of the uninstructed participants failed to buckle up without identified misuse on the aftermarket booster cushion and 31% of those uninstructed on the integrated booster cushion. The majority of misuse was severe, including placing the belt behind the arm and the lap belt routing above the guiding loops. Instruction reduced misuse to 58% (BC) and 12% (IBC), respectively, and, in particular, severe misuse. Some misuse was related to limited knowledge of how to buckle up on the booster cushion, and some misuse was intentional in order to reduce discomfort. The participants, both children and adults, reported that they preferred the IBC due to good comfort and convenience. Safety was reported as the main reason for adults using booster cushions in general, whereas children reported comfort as the most important motivation.
Education is needed to ensure frequent and correct use of booster cushions in China and to raise safety awareness among children and adults. Furthermore, it is important that the booster cushions offer intuitively correct usage to a population with limited experience of booster cushions. This is the first study published on the handling of and attitude toward booster cushions after child restraints laws were introduced in Shanghai 2014.
摘要：
交通事故是中国儿童死亡的主要原因之一。中国的助推器垫使用率较低，并且没有研究表明经验有限的人群在屈曲过程中如何处理助推器垫。这项研究的目的是评估儿童对助推器垫的处理和探索态度，父母,和祖父母在上海。
在上海一家购物中心的2辆乘用车中进行了一项观察性研究，该研究包括对254名4-12岁儿童的便利样本。父母,祖父母,或者孩子们自己把孩子扣在两种助推器垫上，2级集成增压垫（IBC）和售后市场增压垫（BC）。在屈曲过程中观察到测试参与者，首先没有，然后有指示。测试负责人进行了结构化面试。
98％的未经指导的参与者没有在售后市场助推器垫上发现误用而未指导的参与者中，有31％的人在集成助推器垫上没有系紧。大多数滥用是严重的，包括将皮带放置在手臂后面，并将腰带布线放置在引导环上方。指令将误用减少到58%(BC)和12%(IBC)，分别,and,特别是,严重的误用。一些误用与如何扣紧增高垫的知识有限有关，为了减少不适，一些误用是故意的。参与者,儿童和成人，报告说，由于舒适和方便，他们更喜欢IBC。据报道，安全性是成年人使用助推器垫的主要原因，而儿童报告舒适是最重要的动机。
需要进行教育，以确保在中国经常正确使用助推器垫，并提高儿童和成人的安全意识。此外，重要的是，助推器垫为助推器垫经验有限的人群提供直观正确的用法。这是在2014年上海出台儿童约束法律后，首次发表关于对助推器垫的处理和态度的研究。
在上海一家购物中心的2辆乘用车中进行了一项观察性研究，该研究包括对254名4-12岁儿童的便利样本。父母,祖父母,或者孩子们自己把孩子扣在两种助推器垫上，2级集成增压垫（IBC）和售后市场增压垫（BC）。在屈曲过程中观察到测试参与者，首先没有，然后有指示。测试负责人进行了结构化面试。
98％的未经指导的参与者没有在售后市场助推器垫上发现误用而未指导的参与者中，有31％的人在集成助推器垫上没有系紧。大多数滥用是严重的，包括将皮带放置在手臂后面，并将腰带布线放置在引导环上方。指令将误用减少到58%(BC)和12%(IBC)，分别,and,特别是,严重的误用。一些误用与如何扣紧增高垫的知识有限有关，为了减少不适，一些误用是故意的。参与者,儿童和成人，报告说，由于舒适和方便，他们更喜欢IBC。据报道，安全性是成年人使用助推器垫的主要原因，而儿童报告舒适是最重要的动机。
需要进行教育，以确保在中国经常正确使用助推器垫，并提高儿童和成人的安全意识。此外，重要的是，助推器垫为助推器垫经验有限的人群提供直观正确的用法。这是在2014年上海出台儿童约束法律后，首次发表关于对助推器垫的处理和态度的研究。
