Abstract：
OBJECTIVE: Dehydration has been related to several health aspects, and children are especially vulnerable. Since children spend a large time at school, we aim to examine children\'s hydration status at school-start and its change during the school-day by objective measures. To identify subpopulations at risk, determinants of hydration were tested.
METHODS: In 371 Belgian 7-13-year-old children, hydration was measured by (1) urinary osmolality at school-start and by a pooled school-day sample; (2) body water% by impedance; (3) parental reported beverage consumption; (4) urination frequency. Linear regression analyses were used to test putative predictors of hydration status: age, sex, parental education, region (Dutch-speaking versus French-speaking part of Belgium), diet quality and adiposity.
RESULTS: A mean osmolality of 888 mosmol/kg was found in the school-start sample and 767 mosmol/kg in the school-day sample. This resulted in, respectively, 76 and 54 % of the children being dehydrated (>800 mosmol/kg). In 45 % of the children, the hydration level decreased over the school-day. Also the body water% as derived from bio-impedance (57 % ±4), the reported average daily beverage intake (911 ml) and the lower urination frequency during weekdays versus weekend days confirmed the low hydration status in our school population. Boys, Walloon children and those with higher adiposity were at increased risk of low hydration level. Diet quality was not the predictor of hydration status.
CONCLUSIONS: Hydration status at school appeared problematic in this population. This emphasizes the need for more resources and attention by school management and governmental organizations. Herein, especially Walloon schools and boys should be reached.
METHODS: In 371 Belgian 7-13-year-old children, hydration was measured by (1) urinary osmolality at school-start and by a pooled school-day sample; (2) body water% by impedance; (3) parental reported beverage consumption; (4) urination frequency. Linear regression analyses were used to test putative predictors of hydration status: age, sex, parental education, region (Dutch-speaking versus French-speaking part of Belgium), diet quality and adiposity.
RESULTS: A mean osmolality of 888 mosmol/kg was found in the school-start sample and 767 mosmol/kg in the school-day sample. This resulted in, respectively, 76 and 54 % of the children being dehydrated (>800 mosmol/kg). In 45 % of the children, the hydration level decreased over the school-day. Also the body water% as derived from bio-impedance (57 % ±4), the reported average daily beverage intake (911 ml) and the lower urination frequency during weekdays versus weekend days confirmed the low hydration status in our school population. Boys, Walloon children and those with higher adiposity were at increased risk of low hydration level. Diet quality was not the predictor of hydration status.
CONCLUSIONS: Hydration status at school appeared problematic in this population. This emphasizes the need for more resources and attention by school management and governmental organizations. Herein, especially Walloon schools and boys should be reached.
摘要：
目的：脱水与几个健康方面有关，儿童尤其脆弱。因为孩子们在学校花了很多时间，我们的目标是通过客观的措施来检查儿童在开学时的水合状态及其在上学期间的变化。为了识别有风险的亚群，水化的决定因素进行了测试。
方法：在371名比利时7-13岁儿童中，通过以下方法测量水合作用：（1）开学时的尿渗透压和汇总的学时样本；（2）阻抗的体内水分百分比；（3）父母报告的饮料消耗；（4）排尿频率。线性回归分析用于测试水合状态的推定预测因子：年龄，性别,父母教育,地区（比利时讲荷兰语与讲法语的地区），饮食质量和肥胖。
结果：在开学样本中发现的平均渗透压为888mosmol/kg，在学时样本中发现的平均渗透压为767mosmol/kg。这导致了,分别,76％和54％的儿童脱水（>800mosmol/kg）。在45％的儿童中，补水水平在上学期间有所下降。来自生物阻抗的人体水分百分比（57％±4），报告的平均每日饮料摄入量(911ml)以及工作日与周末相比排尿频率较低,证实了我们学校人群的低水合状态.孩子们,瓦隆儿童和肥胖程度较高的儿童水合水平低的风险增加。饮食质量不是水合状态的预测指标。
结论：该人群在学校的水化状况出现问题。这强调了学校管理层和政府组织需要更多的资源和关注。在这里，特别是瓦隆学校和男孩应该接触。
方法：在371名比利时7-13岁儿童中，通过以下方法测量水合作用：（1）开学时的尿渗透压和汇总的学时样本；（2）阻抗的体内水分百分比；（3）父母报告的饮料消耗；（4）排尿频率。线性回归分析用于测试水合状态的推定预测因子：年龄，性别,父母教育,地区（比利时讲荷兰语与讲法语的地区），饮食质量和肥胖。
结果：在开学样本中发现的平均渗透压为888mosmol/kg，在学时样本中发现的平均渗透压为767mosmol/kg。这导致了,分别,76％和54％的儿童脱水（>800mosmol/kg）。在45％的儿童中，补水水平在上学期间有所下降。来自生物阻抗的人体水分百分比（57％±4），报告的平均每日饮料摄入量(911ml)以及工作日与周末相比排尿频率较低,证实了我们学校人群的低水合状态.孩子们,瓦隆儿童和肥胖程度较高的儿童水合水平低的风险增加。饮食质量不是水合状态的预测指标。
结论：该人群在学校的水化状况出现问题。这强调了学校管理层和政府组织需要更多的资源和关注。在这里，特别是瓦隆学校和男孩应该接触。
