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Abstract：
NASA has recently updated spacecraft design requirements for protecting crewmembers during dynamic spaceflight phases. The details of the update are available in a NASA publication (NASA TM-2013-217380) and are summarized here. Previously, NASA\'s occupant protection requirements relied primarily on the multiaxial dynamic response criterion, which NASA refers to as the Brinkley Dynamic Response Criteria (BDRC). Although simple to implement, there are several important ground rules that must be met for the injury predictions to be applicable. These include proper restraint, flail controls, proper seating support, pressure suit considerations, head protection including consideration of helmet mass, and spaceflight deconditioning. Even if these ground rules are met, there are limitations to the model that must be addressed, including: model validation, sex differences, age effects, anthropometry effects, and differences between the physical fitness of military test subjects and future crewmembers. To address these limitations, new injury assessment reference values (IARV) have been prescribed for the 5(th) percentile female and 95(th) percentile male Hybrid III anthropomorphic test devices (ATD). These metrics are head-injury criterion, head-rotational acceleration, neck injury criterion, neck-axial-force limits, flail prevention, and lumbar-axial compression force. Using these new ATD IARVs, NASA can have increased confidence that vehicle designs mitigate the risk of injury during dynamic phases of flight.
摘要：
NASA最近更新了航天器设计要求，以在动态太空飞行阶段保护机组人员。更新的详细信息可在NASA出版物（NASATM-2013-217380）中获得，并在此处进行了总结。以前,NASA的乘员保护要求主要依赖于多轴动态响应准则，NASA称之为布林克利动态响应标准(BDRC)。虽然实现简单，有几个重要的基本规则，必须满足伤害预测是适用的。这些包括适当的克制，连击控制，适当的座位支持，压力套装注意事项，头部保护，包括头盔质量的考虑，和航天退役。即使符合这些基本规则，该模型存在必须解决的局限性，包括：模型验证，性别差异,年龄影响,人体测量效果,以及军事测试对象和未来机组人员的身体素质之间的差异。为了解决这些限制，已为女性第5百分位数和第95百分位数男性HybridIII拟人化测试设备（ATD）规定了新的伤害评估参考值（IARV）。这些指标是头部受伤的标准，头部旋转加速度，颈部损伤标准,颈部轴向力极限，连击预防,和腰椎轴向压缩力。使用这些新的ATDIARV，NASA可以增强对车辆设计的信心，以减轻在动态飞行阶段受伤的风险。
