关键词： Achondroplasia Acondroplasia Adenotonsillar hypertrophy Arnold-Chiari malformation Childhood epilepsy Craniofacial anomalies Down syndrome Enfermedades neuromusculares Epilepsia infantil Hipertrofia adenoamigdalar Malformaciones craneofaciales Malformación de Arnold-Chiari Neuromuscular diseases Obstructive sleep apnea-hypopnea syndrome in children Prader-Willi syndrome Síndrome de Down Síndrome de Prader-Willi Síndrome de apnea-hipoapnea obstructiva del sueño infantil

Mesh ： Achondroplasia / complications Adenoids / pathology Arnold-Chiari Malformation / complications Child Craniofacial Abnormalities / complications Down Syndrome / complications Epilepsy / complications Humans Hypertrophy / complications Neuromuscular Diseases / complications Palatine Tonsil / pathology Prader-Willi Syndrome / complications Prevalence Sleep Apnea, Obstructive / epidemiology etiology surgery

来  源：   DOI：10.1016/j.otorri.2014.05.001   PDF(Sci-hub)

Abstract：
The prevalence of obstructive sleep apnea-hypopnea syndrome in the general childhood population is 1-2% and the most common cause is adenotonsillar hypertrophy. However, beyond adenotonsillar hypertrophy, there are other highly prevalent causes of this syndrome in children. The causes are often multifactorial and include muscular hypotonia, dentofacial abnormalities, soft tissue hypertrophy of the airway, and neurological disorders). Collaboration between different specialties involved in the care of these children is essential, given the wide variability of conditions and how frequently different factors are involved in their genesis, as well as the different treatments to be applied. We carried out a wide literature review of other causes of obstructive sleep apnea-hypopnea syndrome in children, beyond adenotonsillar hypertrophy. We organised the prevalence of this syndrome in each pathology and the reasons that cause it, as well as their interactions and management, in a consistent manner.
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