PDF(Pubmed)
Abstract：
The present work provides results of a number of biotechnological studies aimed at creating cell lines and entire plants resistant to anaerobic stress. Developed biotechnological approaches were based on earlier fundamental researches into anaerobic stress in plants, so \"Introduction\" briefly covers the importance of the problem and focuses on works considering two main strategies of plants adaptation to anaerobic stress. Those are adaptation at molecular level where key factor is anaerobic metabolism of energy (true tolerance) and adaptation of the entire plant via formation of aerenchyma and facilitated transportation of oxygen (apparent tolerance). Thus, sugarcane and wheat cells resistant to anaerobic stress were obtained through consecutive in vitro selection under conditions of anoxia and absence of exogenous carbohydrates. Tolerant wheat cells were used to regenerate entire plants of higher resistance to root anaerobiosis. It has been demonstrated that cells tolerance to anoxia is significantly supported by their ability to utilize exogenous nitrate. Cells tolerance established itself at the genetic level and was inherited by further generations. Apart from that, other successful attempts to increase tolerance of plants to anaerobic stress by means of stimulation of glycolysis and overexpression of genes responsible for cytokinin synthesis and programmed cell death are also discussed. The presented data proved the notion of two main strategies of plants adaptation to anaerobic stress proposed earlier on the base of fundamental studies.
摘要：
本工作提供了许多生物技术研究的结果，这些研究旨在创建对厌氧胁迫具有抗性的细胞系和整个植物。开发的生物技术方法基于早期对植物厌氧胁迫的基础研究，因此，“简介”简要介绍了问题的重要性，并着重于考虑植物适应厌氧胁迫的两种主要策略的工作。这些是在分子水平上的适应，其中关键因素是能量的无氧代谢（真正的耐受性）和通过形成通系细胞和促进氧气的运输（表观耐受性）来适应整个植物。因此，在缺氧和缺乏外源碳水化合物的条件下，通过连续的体外选择获得了耐厌氧胁迫的甘蔗和小麦细胞。耐性小麦细胞用于再生对根厌氧菌具有较高抗性的整个植物。已经证明，细胞对缺氧的耐受性受到其利用外源硝酸盐的能力的显着支持。细胞耐受性在遗传水平上确立，并被后代遗传。除此之外,还讨论了通过刺激糖酵解和过表达负责细胞分裂素合成和程序性细胞死亡的基因来增加植物对厌氧胁迫的耐受性的其他成功尝试。所提供的数据证明了先前在基础研究的基础上提出的植物适应厌氧胁迫的两种主要策略的概念。
