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Abstract：
Shellfish allergy is of increasing concern, as its prevalence has risen in recent years. Many advances have been made in allergen characterization. B cell epitopes in the major allergen tropomyosin have been characterized. In addition to tropomyosin, arginine kinase, sarcoplasmic calcium-binding protein, and myosin light chain have recently been reported in shellfish. All are proteins that play a role in muscular contraction. Additional allergens such as hemocyanin have also been described. The effect of processing methods on these allergens has been studied, revealing thermal stability and resistance to peptic digestion in some cases. Modifications after Maillard reactions have also been addressed, although in some cases with conflicting results. In recent years, new hypoallergenic molecules have been developed, which constitute a new therapeutic approach to allergic disorders. A recombinant hypoallergenic tropomyosin has been developed, which opens a new avenue in the treatment of shellfish allergy. Cross-reactivity with species that are not closely related is common in shellfish-allergic patients, as many of shellfish allergens are widely distributed panallergens in invertebrates. Cross-reactivity with house dust mites is well known, but other species can also be involved in this phenomenon.
摘要：
贝类过敏越来越受到关注，因为它的患病率近年来有所上升。在过敏原表征方面已经取得了许多进展。已经表征了主要变应原原肌球蛋白中的B细胞表位。除了原肌球蛋白,精氨酸激酶，肌浆钙结合蛋白，最近在贝类中报道了肌球蛋白轻链。都是在肌肉收缩中起作用的蛋白质。还描述了另外的过敏原,例如血蓝蛋白。已经研究了处理方法对这些过敏原的影响，在某些情况下揭示热稳定性和抗消化性。美拉德反应后的修改也得到了解决，尽管在某些情况下结果相互矛盾。近年来,新的低变应原分子已经被开发出来,这构成了一种新的治疗过敏性疾病的方法。已开发出一种重组低变应原肌球蛋白，这为贝类过敏的治疗开辟了一条新途径。与不密切相关的物种的交叉反应在贝类过敏患者中很常见，由于许多贝类过敏原是无脊椎动物中广泛分布的泛过敏原。与屋尘螨的交叉反应性是众所周知的，但是其他物种也可能参与这种现象。
